Table 2 Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pseudintermedius to antimicrobial agents from samples tested at the University of Pretoria academic veterinary laboratory, 2007–2012
Group | Antimicrobial | Resistance to antimicrobial agents by year | a P-value of CAT Test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | |||
β-lactams | Penicillin | 37.5 (15/40) | 58.6 (34/58) | 50.0 (30/60) | 51.2 (22/43) | 73.2 (30/41) | 55.6 (16/36) | 0.052 |
Ampicillin | 50.0 (20/40) | 56.9 (33/58) | 53.3 (32/60) | 55.8 (24/43) | 73.2 (30/41) | 61.1 (22/36) | 0.104 | |
Cephalothin | 7.5 (3/40) | 5.2 (3/58) | 5.0 (3/60) | 2.3 (1/43) | 7.3 (3/41) | 2.8 (1/36) | 0.555 | |
Aminoglycosides | Amikacin | 0.0 (0/40) | 13.8 (8/58) | 3.3 (2/60) | 0.0 (0/43) | 4.9 (2/41) | 2.8 (1/36) | 0.382 |
Gentamicin | 0.0 (0/40) | 10.3 (6/53) | 3.3 (2/60) | 0.0 (0/43) | 2.4 (1/41) | 5.6 (2/36) | 0.777 | |
Kanamycin | 2.5 (1/40) | 3.5 (2/58) | 8.3 (5/60) | 4.7 (2/43) | 4.9 (2/41) | 5.6 (2/36) | 0.612 | |
Tetracyclines | Doxycycline | 12.5 (5/40) | 22.4 (13/58) | 15.0 (9/60) | 2.3 (1/43) | 17.1 (7/41) | 8.3 (3/36) | 0.213 |
Fluoroquinolones | Enrofloxacin | 5.0 (2/40) | 5.2 (3/58) | 6.7 (4/60) | 4.7 (2/43) | 4.9 (2/41) | 16.7 (6/36) | 0.122 |
Orbifloxacin | 0.0 (0/40) | 3.5 (2/58) | 6.7 (4/60) | 0.0 (0/43) | 7.3 (3/41) | 11.1 (4/36) | 0.042 | |
Potentiated sulfas | Co-trimoxazoleb | 2.5 (1/40) | 5.2 (3/58) | 20.0 (3/60) | 14.0 (2/41) | 17.1 (7/41) | 22.2 (8/36) | 0.004 |
Amphenicols | Chloramphenicol | 4.8 (1/21) | 7.0 (4/57) | 5.0 (3/60) | 4.9 (2/41) | 12.8 (5/36) | 5.6 (2/36) | 0.626 |
Macrolides | Tylosin | 7.5 (3/40) | 6.9 (4/58) | 6.7 (4/60) | 7.0 (3/43) | 9.8 (4/41) | 5.6 (2/36) | 1 |
Aminoglycoside-lincosamides | Lincospectinc | 22.5 (9/40) | 48.3 (28/58) | 26.7 (16/60) | 39.5 (17/43) | 58.5 (24/41) | 38.9 (14/36) | 0.066 |
Lincosamides | Clindamycin | 22.5 (9/40) | 25.9 (15/58) | 26.7 (16/60) | 32.6 (14/43) | 58.5 (24/41) | 27.8 (10/36) | 0.022 |
Others | Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | 22.5 (9/40) | 6.9 (4/58) | 5.0 (3/60) | 2.3 (1/43) | 17.1 (7/41) | 5.6 (2/36) | 0.225 |