Modelling concentrations of antimicrobial drugs: comparative pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antimicrobials and accuracy of allometric scaling in food-producing and companion animals

Table 1 Allometric scaling of pharmacokinetics of different cephalosporins in animals

Cephalosporin	Included animal species	Total no. of animals included (n)	Pharmacokinetic parameter	Allometric coefficient	Allometric exponent	R² (R² including human data)	R² with calculated t½	References
Ceftriaxone	Dogs, cats, foals, horses	22	Half-life	1.9820	0.0896	0.0672	0.102	[18, 21, 31, 32]
			Volume of distribution	0.9213	0.8044	0.7173
			Clearance	0.4569	0.8854	0.9158
Ceftazidime	Dogs (puppies and adults), cats, cattle, rabbits	34	Half-life	0.7690	0.0768	0.6550 (0.4719)	0.662	Animal + human data [16, 19, 20, 33–35]:
			Volume of distribution	0.2670	1.0611	0.9829 (0.9773)
			Clearance	0.3158	0.8306	0.9787 (0.9683)
Ceftiofur	Calves, chickens, foals, horses	68	Half-life	3.7440	0.2155	0.4811	0.128	[36–41]
			Volume of distribution	0.1485	1.3129	0.9875
			Clearance	0.0210	1.2431	0.9552
Cefquinome	Dogs, calves, piglets, chickens, horses, rabbits	51	Half-life	0.8230	0.1389	0.3878	0.243	[22, 42–45]
			Volume of distribution	0.2604	0.9551	0.9854
			Clearance	0.3032	0.8524	0.9790
Cefepime	Dogs, calves, foals, horses	29	Half-life	0.7337	0.1787	0.6284	0.876	[46–49]
			Volume of distribution	0.1174	1.1347	0.9783
			Clearance	0.1827	0.8439	0.9725

For details on pharmacokinetic data, see Additional file 1: Table S1. In the presented results both young and adult animals were included in the allometric analysis. The values reported here are excluding any human data, except for ceftazidime, where allometric analysis was performed both with and without human data

ISSN: 1746-6148