Plant species
|
Number of references
|
Type of reference
|
Anti-bacterial
|
Synergism with AB
|
Antiviral
|
Spasmolytic
|
Expectorant
|
Antitussive
|
Immuno-stimulant
|
Anti-inflammatory
|
Analgesic
|
Hypothesis proved
|
---|
| | |
+
|
?
|
o
|
+
|
?
|
o
|
+
|
?
|
o
|
+
|
?
|
o
|
+
|
?
|
o
|
+
|
?
|
o
|
+
|
?
|
o
|
+
|
?
|
o
|
+
|
?
|
o
|
+
|
?
|
o
|
---|
Achillea millefolium L.
|
2
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | |
21
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | |
12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Agrimonia eupatoria L.
|
1
|
in vitro
| | | | | | |
13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allium sativum L.
|
1
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | |
14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Althaea officinalis L.
|
0
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
4
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
45
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Camellia sinensis (L). KUNTZE
|
0
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2
|
in vivo + clinical
|
16
| | | | |
17
| | | | | | |
18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cetraria islandica (L.) ACH.
|
0
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
19
| | | | | | | | |
Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH
|
3
|
in vitro
| | | | | | |
210
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
211
| | | | | | | | |
8
|
in vivo + clinical
|
112
| | | | | |
113
| |
114
| | | | | | | | | |
215
| |
116
| | | | | | |
217
| |
218
|
Foeniculum vulgare (L.) MILL.
|
2
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | |
219
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
|
1
|
in vitro
| | | | | | |
120
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | |
121
| | | | | |
122
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mentha x piperita L.
|
1
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | |
123
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pimpinella anisum L.
|
2
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | |
224
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Plantago lanceolata L.
|
1
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | |
125
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Primula veris L.
|
1
|
in vitro
|
126
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rubus fruticosus L.
|
0
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
127
| | | | | | | | |
Rumex ssp. L.
|
2
|
in vitro
|
128
| | | | | |
229
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salvia officinalis L.
|
0
|
in vitro
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
130
| | | | | | | | |
131
| | | | | |
Sambucus nigra L.
|
1
|
in vitro
| | | | | | |
132
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
133
| | |
Thymus vulgaris L.
|
9
|
in vitro
|
334
| | | | | | | | |
635
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
136
| | |
Tussilago farfara L.
|
1
|
in vitro
|
137
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
138
| | |
139
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Urtica dioica L.
|
3
|
in vitro
|
340
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | |
141
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vaccinium myrtillus L.
|
1
|
in vitro
| | | | | | |
142
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
0
|
in vivo + clinical
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sum of plant species for each effect
|
in vitro
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
7
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
in vivo + clinical
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
1
|
Sum of assessments
|
in vitro
|
9
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
8
|
0
|
0
|
15
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
in vivo + clinical
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
7
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
2
|
-
a Assessment = conclusion of a reference on a hypothesized effect; b reference = trial x plant species x indication; + = reference proves evidently the hypothesized effect; ? = reference shows uncertain hypothesized effect; o = reference does not prove evidently the hypothesized effect
-
1 [288, 289] 2 [290] 3 [291] 4 [292] 5 [293–296] 6 [297] 7 [298] 8 [297] 9 [299] 10 [300, 301] 11 [103, 301] 12 [302] 13 [94] 14 [96] 15 [302, 303] 16 [96] 17 [95, 304] 18 [305, 306] 19 [307, 308] 20 [309] 21 [140] 22 [139] 23 [89] 24 [310, 311] 25 [53] 26 [312] 27 [313] 28 [314] 29 [315] 30 [293] 31 [316] 32 [300] 33 [317] 34 [191, 318, 319] 35 [113–116, 320, 321] 36 [108] 37 [322] 38 [323] 39 [323] 40 [322, 324, 325] 41 [326] 42 [327]