Table 1 Challenging infectious diseases in calves and piglets: pathogens, pathophysiology, resulting demands for prophylaxis and therapy
Disease complex | Pathogens | Pathophysiology/pathogenesis | Demands for prophylaxis and therapy | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | Viruses | Parasites | |||
Calves | |||||
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea1 | Escherichia coli | Bovine Coronavirus | Cryptosporidium parvum | secretory/malabsorptive/maldigestive diarrhea | antimicrobial |
Rotavirus | dehydration | antiviral | |||
hypovolemic shock | antidiarrheal | ||||
decrease in temperature | antiadhesive | ||||
d-lactat acidosis | astringent | ||||
septicaemia | spasmolytic | ||||
neurological symptoms | analgesic | ||||
apathy | anti-inflammatory | ||||
recumbency | orexigenic | ||||
reluctance to drink | prebiotic | ||||
fever | immunostimulant | ||||
Bovine Respiratory Disease2 | Mannheimia haemolytica | Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus | catharral/interstitial/fibrinous bronchopneumonia | antimicrobial | |
Pasteurella multocida | Parainfluenza type 3 virus | fever | antiviral | ||
Histophilus somni | Bovine respiratory syncytial virus | increased respiratory rate | analgesic | ||
Mycoplasma bovis | Bovine viral diarrhea virus | dyspnoea | anti-inflammatory | ||
inappetence | immunostimulant | ||||
nasal discharge | mucolytic | ||||
coughing | secretolytic | ||||
apathy | antitussive | ||||
runting | |||||
Piglets | |||||
Neonatal Diarrhea | Escherichia coli | Rotavirus | Cryptosporidium spp. | secretory/malabsorbtive/maldigestive diarrhea | antimicrobial |
Postweaning Diarrhea3 | Clostridium perfringens | Coronavirus | Isospora suis | enteritis | antiviral |
Lawsonia intracellularis | Porcine Circovirus type 2 | Trichuris suis | colitis | antidiarrheal | |
Brachyspira spp. | Oesophagostomum dentatum | dehydration | antiadhesive | ||
Salmonella spp. | acidosis | astringent | |||
(Yersinia spp.) | septicaemia | spasmolytic | |||
neurological symptoms | analgesic | ||||
apathy | anti-inflammatory | ||||
reduced growth rates | orexigenic | ||||
prebiotic | |||||
immunostimulant | |||||
Porcine respiratory disease complex4 | Pasteurella multocida | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus | suppurative/fibrinous/interstitial bronchopneumonia | antimicrobial | |
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae | Swine influenza virus | coughing | antiviral | ||
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae | Porcine circovirus type 2 | nasal discharge | analgesic | ||
(Streptococcus suis) | increased respiratory rate | anti-inflammatory | |||
(Haemophilus parasuis) | fever | immunostimulant | |||
reduced growth rates | mucolytic | ||||
runting | secretolytic | ||||
antitussive | |||||