From: Outdoor and indoor monitoring of livestock-associated Culicoides spp. to assess vector-free periods and disease risks
Parameter
Symbol
Value/Function
Density of midges
N M
monitoring 2009–2013
projection 2014–2100:
e x p (0.00056+0.1922 T) 100
Density of equids
N E
100
Density of cattle
N C
25
Density of small ruminants
N S