Table 1 Parameters and parameter functions as applied for calculation of the basic reproduction numbers \(\mathcal {R}_{0}\) for African horse sickness (AHS) and Bluetongue (BT). Rates are given in day ⁻¹

Vector biting rate

k(T)

0.00017 T (T−3.70) (41.87−T)^1/2.71

[51]

Virus reproduction rate in vector

γ _M (T)

0.017 (T−12.6)

[52]

Vector mortality rate

m _M (T)

0.0089 e x p(0.155 T)

[53]

Transmission probability vector to host

p _M for AHS

0.780

[54]

p _M for BT

1.000

[14]

Transmission probability host to vector

p _E for AHS

0.040

[54]

p _C = p _S for BT

0.050

[14]

Removal rate of hosts

α _E for AHS

0.125

[55]

α _C for BT

0.055

[56]

α _S for BT

0.125

[14]

Fraction dying due to infection

ν _E for AHS

0.800

[55]

ν _C = ν _S for BT

0.000

[14]