From: Intra-arterial versus intra venous contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the equine head
Structure | Injection Side | Intravenous Protocol | Intra-arterial Protocol | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | n | Pre-Contrast (HU) | Post-Contrast (HU) | n | Pre-Contrast (HU) | Post-Contrast (HU) |
Maxillary vein | Ipsilat. | 12 | 63.8(34.9–90.7) | 109.7(81.3–146.5) | 12 | 62.3(43.2–97.1) | 307.9(91.8–2587.6) |
Contralat. | 12 | 63.0(36.7–97.8) | 104.3(67.9–151.4) | 12 | 61.0(48.7–80.7) | 112.6(66.6–241.4) | |
Pituitary gland | N/A | 12 | 47.5(38.5–66.6) | 78.7(58.6–100.0)a | 12 | 57.2(34.7–108.0) | 83.8(56.5–182.2)a |
Nose septum | N/A | 9 | 68.5(32.5–115.0) | 81.9(61.9–120.9) | 11 | 67.6(50.5–108.1) | 97.3(63.2–142.4)a |
Nose mucosa | Ipsilat. | 9 | 64.0(24.8–134.5) | 83.7(23,3–142.5)a | 10 | 48.2(40.0–92.4) | 77.7(40.9–125.5)a |
Contralat. | 8 | 63.2(14.4–128.6) | 89.8(36.3–127.3)a | 10 | 56.6(27.3–98.6) | 86.1(30.3–148.0)a | |
Parotis salivary gland | Ipsilat. | 12 | 44.7(24.3–61.1) | 62.0(37.6–97.7)a | 8 | 42.0(32.4–55.5) | 62.9(37.2–95.6)a |
Contralat. | 12 | 47.7(32.9–61.7) | 66.3(37.8–110.5)a | 8 | 43.7(33.7–53.8) | 65.5(32.3–93.7)a | |
Cerebrum | Ipsilat. | 12 | 40.0(30.5–55.0) | 41.4(29.8–56.4)a | 12 | 38.2(31.4–53.8) | 45.7(33.2–64.4)a |
Contralat. | 12 | 40.5(30.2–53.0) | 44.8(31.4–56.1)a | 12 | 38.7(30.4–67.0) | 45.8(35.2–91.1)a | |
Longus capitis musc. | Ipsilat. | 12 | 46.3(19.6–59.8) | 52.1(23.6–65.1)a | 8 | 52.2(30.7–58.9) | 57.3(43.5–95.3)a |
Contralat. | 12 | 50.8(32.9–66.4) | 54.6(36.0–67.1)a | 8 | 51.1(35.7–57.8) | 62.0(50.3–83.9)a | |
Temporal musc. | Ipsilat. | 12 | 66.5(47.7–87.7) | 69.3(50.0–91.8) | 12 | 68.4(46.9–81.7) | 73.7(59.4–91.0)a |
Contralat. | 12 | 66.1(44.6–79.6) | 67.8(49.8–97.0) | 12 | 67.3(47.3–76.6) | 75.3(55.2–92.0)a | |
Masseter musc. | Ipsilat. | 9 | 79.4(50.8–125.8) | 85.3(53.5–140.0) | 11 | 85.5(55.6–98.6) | 91.0(67.8–154.5)a |
Contralat. | 9 | 79.3(55.5–128.6) | 83.0(59.8–129.0) | 11 | 84.7(52.4–105.4) | 84.9(59.7–149.6)a | |
Corpus vitreum | Ipsilateral | 11 | 14.9(4.2–25.9) | 15.7(8.3–25.8) | 11 | 9.7(2.7–20.9) | 11.2(3.3–24.8) |
Contralat. | 12 | 15.3(4.6–28.8) | 14.8(5.6–23.4) | 11 | 8.7(2.8–21.0) | 8.5(1.5–39.8) | |
Brainstem | N/A | 12 | 44.7(31.6–64.4) | 48.3(33.6–67.4)a | 8 | 39.8(23.0–68.0) | 40.0(21.5–75.2) |
Tongue | N/A | 9 | 55.7(23.2–103.2) | 62.2(24.4–107.4) | 11 | 48.4(17.8–78.4) | 56.3(27.7–81.2) |