Morphological changes of the caudal cervical intervertebral foramina due to flexion-extension and compression-traction movements in the canine cervical vertebral column

Table 3 Comparison of the results of measurement of height and width of the cervical foramina (C4-5, C5-6, and C6-C7)

Comparisons	Difference^a (mm)	95 % Confidence. Interval^a (CI)	p-value^b
Height: Neutral/Compression vs. Neutral/None	−0.17	−0.26 − −0.07	0.004
Height: Neutral/Traction vs. Neutral/None	0.15	0.05 − 0.24	0.011
Height: Extension/None vs. Neutral/None	−0.74	−0.84 − −0.64	<0.001
Height: Flexion/None vs. Neutral/None	0.48	0.38 − 0.58	<0.001
Height: Flexion/None vs. Extension/None	1.22	1.12 − 1.31	<0.001
Width: Neutral/Compression vs. Neutral/None	−0.40	−0.64 − −0.16	0.008
Width: Neutral/Traction vs. Neutral/None	0.03	−0.21 − 0.27	>0.99
Width : Extension/None vs. Neutral/None	−1.26	−1.5 − −1.02	<0.001
Width: Flexion/None vs. Neutral/None	0.39	0.15 − 0.63	0.001
Width: Flexion/None vs. Extension/None	1.65	1.41 − 1.89	<0.001

^aDifference and CI in millimeters (mm)
^b p-values adjusted by the Holm’s procedure to conserve the overall type I error at 0.05

ISSN: 1746-6148