Figure 1
Values are respiratory rate (A), partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (P a CO 2 ) (B), partial pressure of arterial oxygen (P a O 2 ) (C), and arterial pH (D) (means, SD, n =8) of rhinoceros given intravenous butorphanol, intravenous butorphanol + oxygen insufflation, oxygen insufflation and intravenous sterile water (control) 6 minutes after the rhinoceros became laterally recumbent. Arrow at 6 minutes indicates time at which the intervention was given. Arrow at 21 minutes indicates the end of lateral recumbency. Dotted lines indicate average normal values in standing, unsedated white rhinoceros [12]. The brackets show when treatments differed from each other with letters indicating the treatment comparisons as follows: a = butorphanol vs. control; b = butorphanol vs. butorphanol + oxygen; c = butorphanol vs. oxygen; d = oxygen vs. control; e = oxygen vs. butorphanol + oxygen and f = butorphanol + oxygen vs. control.