Figure 3

Average heart rate before, during, and after stimulus presentation in 5 dairy goats. Heart rate (beats per minute, BPM) is depicted as mean ± SEM. Note that during the overflight of the Chinook helicopter, only the heart-rates of four goats were registered reliably. The list of stimuli presented is shown in Table 1. Results of one-sample t-statistics on the difference scores between values (during minus before), (after minus during), and (after minus before) stimulus presentation are summarized in the lower part of the figures. NS: no effect, p > 0.10; #: marginal effect, 0.10 > p > 0.05; *: effect, p < 0.05