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Table 1 Mean ± SD time (hours) to passage of 1 (T1), 25 (T25), 50 (T50), and 75 (T75)% of beads after intragastric administration (200 beads).

From: Systemic and anti-nociceptive effects of prolonged lidocaine, ketamine, and butorphanol infusions alone and in combination in healthy horses

 

T1

T25

T50

T75

P

14.1 ±4.5a

27.3 ±5.9a

35.1 ±9.1a

42.2 ±11.0

L

16.0 ±5.7a

29.2 ±9.4a,c

38.2 ±17.7a,b

41.6 ±12.9

B

15.8 ±5.2a,b

31.1 ±6.9a,b,c

36.3 ±7.2a,b

43.5 ±7.5

K

14.7 ±4.1a

28.6 ±8.8a

36.7 ±12.3a,b

48.7 ±18.8

LB

24.5 ±9.9 b

41.2 ±13.4 b,c

45.5 ±10.9 b

57.3 ±14.3

LK

15.2 ±3.5a

28.4 ±7.0a

35.1 ±9.0a

42.6 ±11.6

BK

21.0 ±10.0a,b

33.2 ±10.8a,b,c

35.9 ±5.9a,b

44.7 ±6.2

LBK

19.5 ±7.6a,b

34.0 ±9.1 b,c

40.2 ±11.0a,b

52.4 ±20.7

  1. Within a column, different superscripts indicate significant difference between groups. Underlined and bolded font indicates significant difference from placebo. Treatments included infusions of 0.9% saline (Placebo, P), lidocaine (L), butorphanol (B), and ketamine (K); added letters indicates drugs administered in combination (i.e. LB signifies administration of lidocaine and butorphanol in combination).