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Virology

The virology section considers research focusing on the clinical, macro-pathological, cell and molecular biological aspects of viruses of veterinary importance. This includes studies on livestock, companion animals, equids, wild animals, fish, laboratory animals and animal models of human infections. Studies on related zoonotic and emerging viral infections are also considered. 

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  1. Hemagglutinin is a major surface protein in influenza A virus (IAV), and HA2 is relative conserved among different IAVs. It will be meaningful to identify broad-spectrum epitopes based on the HA2 protein.

    Authors: Qiuxia Wang, Zhihao Sun, Jingzhi Li, Tao Qin, Hongwei Ma, Sujuan Chen, Daxin Peng and Xiufan Liu

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:22

    Content type: Research article

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  2. A new domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH, family Hepadnaviridae) was first reported from whole blood samples of domestic cats in Australia in 2018, and from cat serum samples in Italy in 2019. The pathogenesis of DCH...

    Authors: Khanmani Anpuanandam, Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah, Mandy Mun Kei Choy, Shing Wei Ng, Kiven Kumar, Razana Mohd Ali, Sujey Kumar Rajendran, Kok Lian Ho and Wen Siang Tan

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:9

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Swine influenza A virus (IAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are considered key viral pathogens involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex. Concerning the effect of on...

    Authors: Hanna Turlewicz-Podbielska, Ewelina Czyżewska-Dors and Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:5

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Feed additives which can ease the negative effects of infection by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) are of interest to mink farmers. The effects of kelp meal (Ascophylum nodosum) supplementation on immune r...

    Authors: A. Hossain Farid and Nancy J. Smith

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:465

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Goose parvoviruses (GPVs) spread globally and cause a huge economic loss to the poultry industry. Although the attenuated GPV vaccines play a key role in preventing the disease caused by GPV, the molecular bas...

    Authors: Hongxia Shao, Yuchen Jiang, Huisha Yuan, Lifei Ji, Wenjie Jin, Kun Qian, Jianqiang Ye and Aijian Qin

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:456

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is a highly contagious disease that imposes a huge economic burden on the global poultry industry. IBV contains numerous serotypes and variants with incomplete tenuous c...

    Authors: Tamara Al-Jallad, Morshed Kassouha, Mohamad Salhab, Anouar Alomar, Mouhamad AL-Masalma and Fahim Abdelaziz

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:449

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Canine morbilivirus (canine distemper virus, CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality in susceptible carnivores. Although there are CDV vaccines available, the disease pos...

    Authors: Otávio Valério de Carvalho, Marcus Rebouças Santos, Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto, Mauro Pires Moraes, Márcia Rogéria de Almeida, Gustavo Costa Bressan, Lindomar José Pena and Abelardo Silva-Júnior

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:448

    Content type: Research article

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  8. South Korea conducts annual national surveillance programs to detect avian influenza (AI) in domestic poultry, live bird markets, and wild birds. In March 2017, an AIV was isolated from fecal samples in an out...

    Authors: Young-Jae Si, Yu-Na Lee, Sun-Ha Cheon, Yu-Ri Park, Yoon-Gi Baek, Soo-Jeong Kye, Myoung-Heon Lee and Youn-Jeong Lee

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:432

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Individual heterogeneity in pathogen load can affect disease transmission dynamics; therefore, identifying intrinsic factors responsible for variation in pathogen load is necessary for determining which indivi...

    Authors: Amanda C. Dolinski, Mark D. Jankowski, Jeanne M. Fair and Jennifer C. Owen

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:430

    Content type: Research article

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  10. African swine fever (ASF) is the most important disease to the pigs and cause serious economic losses to the countries with large-scale swine production. Vaccines are recognized as the most useful tool to prev...

    Authors: Zhenhua Guo, Kunpeng Li, Songlin Qiao, Xin-xin Chen, Ruiguang Deng and Gaiping Zhang

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:428

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a serious viral disease of swine. At present, there are vaccines for the control of PRRSV infection, but the effect is not satisfactory. The recom...

    Authors: Jun Zhao, Ling Zhu, Lei Xu, Jianbo Huang, Xiangang Sun and Zhiwen Xu

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:408

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry, particularly with respect to cattle rearing, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattl...

    Authors: Vitus Burimuah, Augustina Sylverken, Michael Owusu, Philip El-Duah, Richmond Yeboah, Jones Lamptey, Yaw Oppong Frimpong, Olivia Agbenyega, Raphael Folitse, Ben Emikpe, William Tasiame, Eddie-Williams Owiredu, Samuel Oppong, Christopher Antwi, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie and Christian Drosten

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:405

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Baicalin, the main metabolic component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has various pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-bactericidal and anti-viral. The pu...

    Authors: Fan Yang, Chun Feng, Yongxiu Yao, Aijian Qin, Hongxia Shao and Kun Qian

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:371

    Content type: Research article

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  15. African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs that threatens livelihoods and food security. In Africa, ASF virus (ASFV) circulates in sylvatic (transmission between war...

    Authors: Clara M. Yona, Merijn Vanhee, Edgar Simulundu, Mariam Makange, Hans J. Nauwynck and Gerald Misinzo

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:369

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Pseudorabies (PR) is latent and can persist in infected sows for a long time, and thus, convalescent sows can carry the virus throughout life, causing severe economic losses to farmers and posing a tremendous ...

    Authors: Lang Gong, Qiwei Deng, Runda Xu, Chihai Ji, Heng Wang and Guihong Zhang

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:358

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Aquatic waterfowl, particularly those in the order Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, are the ecological reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Dabbling ducks play a recognized role in the maintenance and tr...

    Authors: Jasmina M. Luczo, Diann J. Prosser, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood, Alicia M. Berlin and Erica Spackman

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:351

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an immunosuppressive pathogen with high prevalence rate in pig farms. It has caused serious economic losses to the global pig industry. Due to the rapid mutation of PCV2 str...

    Authors: Yinlan Xu, Jiangang Zheng, Panpan Sun, Jianhua Guo, Xiaozhong Zheng, Yaogui Sun, Kuohai Fan, Wei Yin, Hongquan Li and Na Sun

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:345

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a small single-stranded DNA virus and a primary cause of PCV-associated diseases (PCVAD) that result insubstantial economic loss for swine farms. Between 2016 and 2018, PCV2...

    Authors: Seok-Jin Kang, Hyeonjeong Kang, Su-Hwa You, Hye Jeong Lee, Nakhyung Lee, Bang-Hun Hyun and Sang-Ho Cha

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:334

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a viral enteric disease of pigs. It affects all age classes of animals but lethality is mainly seen in suckling piglets. After its first appearance in England in 1971, Porcin...

    Authors: Claudia Karte, Nadine Platje, Johannes Bullermann, Martin Beer, Dirk Höper and Sandra Blome

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:329

    Content type: Case Report

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  21. The global prevalence of economic primary infection of poultry by H9N2 virus, including the Lineage A, panzootic group ME1, and associated with secondary infection by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), is alarming to...

    Authors: Taha Kumosani, Soonham Yaghmoor, Wesam H. Abdulaal and Elie Barbour

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:319

    Content type: Research article

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  22. African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious transboundary animal disease which causes high mortality, approaching 100% in domestic pigs and it is currently considered as the most serious constraint to domestic ...

    Authors: J. N. Hakizimana, G. Kamwendo, J. L. C. Chulu, O. Kamana, H. J. Nauwynck and G. Misinzo

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:316

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) which causes huge yearly economic losses in the swine industry. Capsid protein (Cap) is the major structural ...

    Authors: Chang Liu, Yunchao Liu, Hua Feng, Baolei Zhao, Yumei Chen, Huimin Huang, Pan Wang, Ruiguang Deng and Gaiping Zhang

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:313

    Content type: Research article

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  24. In China, Newly emerging duck reovirus (NDRV) variants have been causing major disease problems in cherry valley ducks. NDRV has the potential to cause high morbidity and 5–50% mortality rates. Severe hemorrha...

    Authors: Shuai Zhang, Weihua Li, Xiaodong Liu, Xudong Li, Bin Gao, Youxiang Diao and Yi Tang

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:306

    Content type: Methodology article

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  25. Herpesvirus infections in cetaceans have always been attributed to the Alphaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae subfamilies. To date, gammaherpesviruses have not been reported in the central nervous system of od...

    Authors: Ignacio Vargas-Castro, José Luis Crespo-Picazo, Belén Rivera-Arroyo, Rocío Sánchez, Vicente Marco-Cabedo, María Ángeles Jiménez-Martínez, Manena Fayos, Ángel Serdio, Daniel García-Párraga and José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:288

    Content type: Case Report

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  26. Porcine circovirus type 3 is the most recently discovered porcine circovirus, and an emerging pathogen. In this study the status of its presence on some Slovenian farms is reported. The effectiveness of the va...

    Authors: Jan Plut, Urska Jamnikar-Ciglenecki, Irena Golinar-Oven, Tanja Knific and Marina Stukelj

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:281

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) can spread across continents via migratory birds. Hence, we investigated the frequency of NDV in both non-migratory and birds migrating on the Black Sea-Mediterranean flyway, i...

    Authors: Nuri Turan, Cemal Ozsemir, Aysun Yilmaz, Utku Y. Cizmecigil, Ozge Aydin, Ozge Erdogan Bamac, Aydin Gurel, Ahmet Kutukcu, Kubra Ozsemir, H. Emre Tali, Besim H. Tali, Semaha G. Yilmaz, Mehmetcan Yaramanoglu, B. Kaan Tekelioğlu, Serhat Ozsoy, Juergen A. Richt…

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:277

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Coronaviruses are notorious pathogens that cause diarrheic and respiratory diseases in humans and animals. Although the epidemiology and pathogenicity of coronaviruses have gained substantial attention, little...

    Authors: Zhihai Shi, Wenjia Wang, Chaoxi Chen, Xiaozhan Zhang, Jing Wang, Zhaoxue Xu and Yali Lan

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:272

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Dysfunction of endothelial cells and vascular system is one of the most important pathological changes of porcine circovirus disease (PCVD) caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). PCV2-infected endothelial...

    Authors: Fengyang Shi, Qiuming Li, Shiyu Liu, Fengying Liu, Jianfang Wang, Defeng Cui, Xiaolin Hou, Shuanghai Zhou, Yonghong Zhang and Huanrong Li

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:265

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Neonatal diarrhea remains one of the main causes of morbi-mortality in dairy calves under artificial rearing. It is often caused by infectious agents of viral, bacterial, or parasitic origin. Cows vaccination ...

    Authors: Celina Guadalupe Vega, Marina Bok, Maren Ebinger, Lucía Alejandra Rocha, Alejandra Antonella Rivolta, Valeria González Thomas, Pilar Muntadas, Ricardo D’Aloia, Verónica Pinto, Viviana Parreño and Andrés Wigdorovitz

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:264

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Newcastle disease (ND) causes severe economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. Egyptian poultry industry suffered from severe economic losses since the isolation of Velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV...

    Authors: Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid, Manal E. Shafi, Najah M. Albaqami, Hany F. Ellakany, Naglaa M. Abdelaziz, Mohamed N. Abdelaziz, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Ayman E. Taha, Khalid M. Alanazi and Ahmed R. Elbestawy

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:253

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has been an emerging porcine virus spread around the world. The conserved DNA sequence of PCV3 enabled good performance in molecular biological assays.

    Authors: Lin Yuan, Yingyi Liu, Yana Chen, Xiaoxue Gu, Hao Dong, Shuo Zhang, Tao Han, Zhi Zhou, Xiaohui Song and Chuanbin Wang

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:249

    Content type: Methodology article

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  34. The present report describes a case of pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) infection in a seven-year-old female bison euthanized due to a history of declining condition and sores on the vulva and udder.

    Authors: Vinay Shivanna, A. Giselle Cino-Ozuna, Cody Heskett, Douglas G. Marthaler and Charan Ganta

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:241

    Content type: Case Report

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  35. Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) has been discovered in domestic cats associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis, but FeMV is also detected in healthy cats. This research aimed to identify and characterize the Fe...

    Authors: Surangkanang Chaiyasak, Chutchai Piewbang, Anudep Rungsipipat and Somporn Techangamsuwan

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:240

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Studies have shown that some viral infections cause structural changes in the intestinal microflora, but little is known about the effects of tumorigenic viral infection on the intestinal microflora of chickens.

    Authors: Xianhua Wan, Laipeng Xu, Xiangli Sun, Hui Li, Fengbin Yan, Ruili Han, Hong Li, Zhuanjian Li, Yadong Tian, Xiaojun Liu, Xiangtao Kang, Zhenya Wang and Yanbin Wang

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:218

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an intestinal coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea and high mortality in suckling piglets, can result in high economic losses in the swine industry. In recent years, d...

    Authors: Zhilin Wang, Xuerui Li, Youjun Shang, Jinyan Wu, Zhen Dong, Xiaoan Cao, Yongsheng Liu and Xi Lan

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:208

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Pathogens including duck-origin avian influenza virus (AIV), duck-origin Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) posed great harm to ducks and caused great economic losses to the duck indu...

    Authors: Xiyu Zhang, Ming Yao, Zhihui Tang, Daning Xu, Yan Luo, Yunfei Gao and Liping Yan

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:203

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Eight different PCV2 genotypes with varying prevalence and clinical impact have been described so far. PCV2 infection is still widespread among the vaccinated population and several experimental studies have c...

    Authors: Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Tamara Kristen, Verena Mendel, René Brunthaler, Lukas Schwarz and Herbert Weissenböck

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:198

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is widespread in commercial pig farms worldwide and has a significant impact to the swine industry. Long-lasting immunity achieved by means of vaccination is the main tool to preven...

    Authors: Beatriz Garcia-Morante, Marta Noguera, Sonja Klocke, Kathrin Sommer and Philip Bridger

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:184

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV, Lagovirus europeus GI.1) induces a contagious and highly lethal hemorrhagic disease in rabbits. In 2010 a new genotype of lagovirus (GI.2), emerged in Europe, infecting ...

    Authors: Melanie Buehler, Sonja T. Jesse, Heike Kueck, Bastian Lange, Patricia Koenig, Wendy K. Jo, Albert Osterhaus and Andreas Beineke

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:166

    Content type: Case Report

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  42. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are common and economically important viral disease causative agents detected in pig or...

    Authors: Jan Plut, Urska Jamnikar-Ciglenecki and Marina Stukelj

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:164

    Content type: Research article

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  43. At present, pig industry in China is faced with the complex situation of mixed infection caused by multiple pathogens. It is urgent to develop some new high-throughput molecular diagnosis assays to simultaneou...

    Authors: Yue Wu, Xudan Wu, Jing Chen, Jingfei Hu, Xiaobo Huang and Bin Zhou

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:162

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Bavaria, a large federal state in Germany, has been declared free from infections with Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) in 2011. To maintain this status the cattle population is monitored for antibodies agai...

    Authors: Stefanie Singer, Bernd Hoffmann, Angela Hafner-Marx, Jürgen Christian, Friederike Forster, Katharina Schneider, Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer and Antonie Neubauer-Juric

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:149

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerging Coronavirus that was first identified in 2012 in Hong Kong, China. Since then, PDCoV has subsequently been reported worldwide, causing a high number of neonata...

    Authors: Xiang Gao, Xinsheng Liu, Yongguang Zhang, Yanming Wei and Yonglu Wang

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:130

    Content type: Research article

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  47. with the advantage of sequencing technology, many novel porcine parvoviruses (PPV) rather than PPV1 has been reported. This study ultilized specific PCR- based method and gene- based analysis to study the pres...

    Authors: Hee-Chun Chung, Van-Giap Nguyen, Thi-My-Le Huynh, Yong-Ho Park, Kun-Taek Park and Bong-Kyun Park

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:113

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Bovine alphaherpesvirus type 2 (BoHV-2) belongs to family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesviridae and can cause two distinct, well-defined conditions: a generalized benign skin infection that somewhat mimics ...

    Authors: Gianvito Lanave, Vittorio Larocca, Michele Losurdo, Cristiana Catella, Paolo Capozza, Maria Tempesta, Vito Martella, Canio Buonavoglia and Michele Camero

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:103

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) results in economic losses in the swine industry globally. Several studies have investigated the use of plant extracts in the p...

    Authors: Chaiwat Arjin, Kidsadagon Pringproa, Surat Hongsibsong, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich, Mintra Seel-audom, Supamit Mekchay and Korawan Sringarm

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:102

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Wild boar-derived hepatitis E (HEV) genotype 3 virus has been successfully isolated in cell lines of human origin only. Considering the zoonotic potential and possible extrahepatic localisation of genotype 3 s...

    Authors: Juozas Grigas, Evelina Simkute, Martynas Simanavicius, Arnoldas Pautienius, Zaneta Streimikyte-Mockeliune, Dainius Razukevicius and Arunas Stankevicius

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:95

    Content type: Research article

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