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Musculoskeletal disorders and orthopaedics

The musculoskeletal disorders and orthopaedics section considers research that addresses the etiology and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders in veterinary patients. This includes, but not limited to, studies on therapeutic strategies, surgery, diagnostic imaging, genetics and genomics, epidemiology, anatomical studies, and comparative orthopedic studies. 

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  1. Canine elbow dysplasia (CED) is a complex developmental skeletal disorder associated with a number of pathological conditions within the cubital joint. Because CED is a heritable disease, it is important to id...

    Authors: Mateusz Hebel, Wojciech K. Panek, Jakub J. Ruszkowski, Maria Nabzdyk, Dariusz Niedzielski, Katarzyna C. Pituch, Aaron M. Jackson, Maciej Kiełbowicz and Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:296

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Long-term cyclic tensile testing with equine palmar/plantar tendons have not yet been performed due to problems in fixing equine tendons securely and loading them cyclically. It is well established that the bi...

    Authors: Franziska C. Wagner, Sven Reese, Kerstin Gerlach, Peter Böttcher and Christoph K. W. Mülling

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:223

    Content type: Research article

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  4. The partial or complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture is a common skeletal disease affecting the stifle joint in dogs. The tibial plateau levelling osteotomy, performed with several synthesis systems, chan...

    Authors: Francesco Macrì, Luca Cicero, Vito Angileri, Vito Biondi, Piero Miele, Lorenzo Scaletta, Giovanna Lucrezia Costa, Giovanni Cassata and Simona Di Pietro

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:193

    Content type: Research article

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  5. In dogs, thermal imaging has been documented only recently, but a growing interest in this modality has led to studies using thermography to assess pathologies in the canine hip, stifle, elbow, intervertebral ...

    Authors: J. C. Alves, A. Santos, P. Jorge, C. Lavrador and L. Miguel Carreira

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:180

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most versatile and informative imaging modality for the diagnosis of locomotor injuries in many animal species; however, veterinary literature describing the MRI of the ...

    Authors: Zakriya Ali Al Mohamad, Usama Hagag, Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek and Ayman El Nahas

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:101

    Content type: Research article

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  7. The horses’ backs are particularly exposed to overload and injuries due to direct contact with the saddle and the influence of e.g. the rider’s body weight. The maximal load for a horse’s back during riding ha...

    Authors: Malgorzata Masko, Marta Borowska, Malgorzata Domino, Tomasz Jasinski, Lukasz Zdrojkowski and Zdzislaw Gajewski

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:99

    Content type: Research article

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  8. French bulldogs exhibit significantly larger femoral external rotation and abduction than other breeds. We were curious as to whether this peculiar leg kinematic affects patellar motion and/or might induce med...

    Authors: Silvia V. Lehmann, Emanuel Andrada, Roxana Taszus, Daniel Koch and Martin S. Fischer

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:76

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Pancarpal arthrodesis is purported to limit supination and pronation of the feline antebrachium. The objective of this study was to investigate whether plate fixation of the radius to the carpus and metacarpus...

    Authors: Rachel M. Basa, Matthew J. Allen and Kenneth A. Johnson

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:47

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Osteoarthritis remains one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality in the equine population. The inability to detect pre-clinical changes in osteoarthritis has been a significant impediment to the de...

    Authors: Catarina Castanheira, Panagiotis Balaskas, Charlotte Falls, Yalda Ashraf-Kharaz, Peter Clegg, Kim Burke, Yongxiang Fang, Philip Dyer, Tim J. M. Welting and Mandy J. Peffers

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2021 17:26

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have been used to produce anatomical models and surgical guiding instruments in orthopaedic surgery. The geometric accuracy of the 3D printed replica may affect surgi...

    Authors: Chi-Pin Hsu, Chen-Si Lin, Chun-Hao Fan, Nai-Yuan Chiang, Ching-Wen Tsai, Chun-Ming Chang and I-Li Liu

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:478

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Femoral varus deformities complicating the realignment of the quadriceps muscles are frequently associated with medial patellar luxation (MPL) in dogs. Therefore, distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) is recommended ...

    Authors: Jiyun Lee, Heedong Sim, Jaemin Jeong, Sun-Young Kim, Seokjo Yang, SeongMok Jeong and HaeBeom Lee

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:471

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most commonly diagnosed joint disease in veterinary medicine, with at least 80% of the cases of lameness and joint diseases in companion animals being classified as OA. Sporting and ...

    Authors: J. C. Alves, A. Santos, P. Jorge, C. Lavrador and L. Miguel Carreira

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:425

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Vitamin D deficiency and related metabolic bone diseases in pet rabbits have been intermittently debated. In human research, the parathyroid hormone concentration in relation to the 25-hydroxyvitamin D concent...

    Authors: J. Mäkitaipale, S. Sankari, H. Sievänen and O. Laitinen-Vapaavuori

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:403

    Content type: Research article

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  15. In a laminitic horse, the maximal loading of the toe region occurs during the breakover phase. To date, no kinetic data demonstrates the effect of supportive orthopaedic therapy in horses with laminitis on bre...

    Authors: Mohamad Al Naem, Lutz-Ferdinand Litzke, Florian Geburek, Klaus Failing, Johanna Hoffmann and Michael Röcken

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:370

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Acupuncture has been used as a treatment for pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) for thousands of years; however, there is a lack of definitive evidence for this indication in humans or animals. The aim o...

    Authors: Alice Baker-Meuten, Theresa Wendland, Shelly K. Shamir, Ann M. Hess and Felix Michael Duerr

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:357

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Skeletal muscle is one of the tissues most affected by stress conditions. The protein degradation in this tissue is vital for the supply of energy mediated by different proteolytic pathways such as the ubiquit...

    Authors: Cristián A. Valenzuela, Claudia Ponce, Rodrigo Zuloaga, Pamela González, Ruben Avendaño-Herrera, Juan A. Valdés and Alfredo Molina

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:294

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) is the most common orthopaedic cause of lameness in the hind limb in dogs. Many surgical treatments have been described, but tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) is one...

    Authors: Cristina Bernardi-Villavicencio, Antonio Nicolas Jimenez-Socorro, Concepcion Rojo-Salvador, Javier Robles-Sanmartin and Jesus Rodriguez-Quiros

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:279

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is a common orthopedic lesion in the coxofemoral joint of canine patients. Concurrent with the sign of degeneration, the vacuum phenomenon (VP), or intra-articular gas, has bee...

    Authors: Kanokporn Kanthavichit, Auraiwan Klaengkaew, Naparee Srisowanna, Nardtiwa Chaivoravitsakul, Kongthit Horoongruang, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat, Kumpanart Soontornvipart and Nan Choisunirachon

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:274

    Content type: Research article

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  20. There is growing awareness that caring for a chronically ill pet may have a detrimental impact on their owner’s quality of life. Companion animal orthopaedic disease has received little research interest in th...

    Authors: Zoe Belshaw, Rachel Dean and Lucy Asher

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:190

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Biologic’ therapies, such as autologous conditioned serum (ACS), are gaining popularity in treating orthopaedic conditions in equine veterinary medicine. Evidence is scarce regarding ACS constituents, and larg...

    Authors: Patrick Marques-Smith, Anne S. Kallerud, Grethe M. Johansen, Preben Boysen, Anna M. Jacobsen, Karoline M. Reitan, Mia M. Henriksen, Maria Löfgren and Cathrine T. Fjordbakk

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:181

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Arthroscopic surgery is described as a minimally invasive technique for diagnosis, exploration and treatment of joint disorders. It allows intraarticular structures to be assessed accurately, thereby improving...

    Authors: Mahmoud Fadul, Alois von Rotz, Maher Alsaaod, Reiichiro Sato and Adrian Steiner

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:150

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Skin marker-based three-dimensional kinematic gait analysis were commonly used to assess the functional performance and movement biomechanics of the pelvic limb in dogs. Unfortunately, soft tissue artefact wou...

    Authors: Cheng-Chung Lin, Ching-Ho Wu, Po-Yen Chou, Shi-Nuan Wang, Wei-Ru Hsu and Tung-Wu Lu

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:105

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Dog walking may have multiple physical and mental health advantages, but not all dog owners appear to benefit. Dog health is a described barrier to dog walking activity, but specific causes and impacts of redu...

    Authors: Zoe Belshaw, Rachel Dean and Lucy Asher

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:85

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Articular osteochondrosis follows a dynamic development pattern. Lesions arise, in incidence peaks compatible with failure of cartilage canal vessels during incorporation into bone, and can also resolve. Lesio...

    Authors: Kristin Olstad, Bjørn Wormstrand, Jørgen Kongsro and Eli Grindflek

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:454

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Medical infrared thermal imaging (MITI) is a noninvasive imaging modality used in veterinary medicine as a screening tool for musculoskeletal and neurological disease processes. An infrared camera measures the...

    Authors: J. Sung, C. Loughin, D. Marino, F. Leyva, C. Dewey, S. Umbaugh and M. Lesser

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:430

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritic disease, results from destruction of joint cartilage and underlying bone. It affects animals, including Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in captivity, leadi...

    Authors: Nutnicha Sirikaew, Siriwadee Chomdej, Siriwan Tangyuenyong, Weerapongse Tangjitjaroen, Chaleamchat Somgird, Chatchote Thitaram and Siriwan Ongchai

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:419

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Osteoarthritis (OA) affects nearly 20% of all dogs greater than one year of age. Clinical signs include pain, discomfort, lameness, and ultimately lead to disability. Although there is currently no known cure,...

    Authors: Diana M. A. Dewsbury, Keith D. DeDonder, Darrell J. Rezac and Natalia Cernicchiaro

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:394

    Content type: Research article

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  30. NSAIDs are accepted as the most predictably efficacious medical treatment of the clinical signs of osteoarthritis (OA). The marine-based fatty-acid compound PCSO-524 has been proposed as an adjunctive treatmen...

    Authors: Monchanok Vijarnsorn, Irin Kwananocha, Narudee Kashemsant, Thitichai Jarudecha, Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk, Brian Beale, Bruno Peirone and B. Duncan X. Lascelles

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:349

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Veterinary Research 2020 16:486

  31. Equine water treadmills (WTs) are growing in popularity because they are believed to allow for high resistance, low impact exercise. However, little is known about the effect of water height on limb loading. T...

    Authors: Persephone Greco-Otto, Michael Baggaley, W. B. Edwards and Renaud Léguillette

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:329

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Peak reverse torque (PRT) is a valid method to evaluate implants’ secondary stability in the healing bone. The secondary stability is achieved by the implant over time and it has been positively correlated wit...

    Authors: Remigiusz M. Grzeskowiak, Carrie Wheeler, Elizabeth Taylor, James Lillich, James Roush, Alexandru S. Biris and David E. Anderson

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:321

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an important tool in the management of canine osteoarthritis, with the most recent introduction into the category being grapiprant, a piprant that selectively...

    Authors: Andrea García de Salazar Alcalá, Lucile Gioda, Alia Dehman and Frederic Beugnet

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:309

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:347

  34. Acetabular fractures comprise 12–30% of canine pelvic fractures and require accurate anatomic reduction and rigid stability to ensure proper healing and minimize future osteoarthritis. Many techniques have bee...

    Authors: Jonathan A. Blakely, James R. Butler, Lauren B. Priddy, Emily M. McCabe, Javier N. Avendaño, Steve H. Elder and Robert Wills

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:287

    Content type: Research article

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  35. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of reduced-dosage ketoprofen with or without tramadol in dogs. Five healthy dogs receiving standard-dosage ketoprofen (2 mg/kg SC, then 1 mg/kg PO daily) co...

    Authors: Beatriz P. Monteiro, Cedric Lambert, Elena Bianchi, Jean Pierre Genevois, Giulio Soldani and Eric Troncy

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:213

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are a family of molecules characterized by two key properties: their ability to bind strongly to bone mineral and their inhibitory effects on mature osteoclasts and thus bone resorption. ...

    Authors: Alexis Mitchell, Ashlee E. Watts, Frank H. Ebetino and Larry J. Suva

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:211

    Content type: Debate

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  37. Joint injury is extremely common in equine athletes and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), a progressive and debilitating disease, is estimated to affect 60% of horses in the USA. The limited potential for ...

    Authors: Alexis L. Gale, Renata M. Mammone, Michael E. Dodson, Renata L. Linardi and Kyla F. Ortved

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:201

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Pedobarographic analyses detect pressure redistribution among limbs and within limbs in humans, equids and dogs. The main objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of a set of pedobarographic parame...

    Authors: Sergio López, José M. Vilar, Mónica Rubio, Joaquín J. Sopena, Angelo Santana, Oliver Rodríguez, José A. Rodríguez-Altonaga and José M. Carrillo

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:193

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Clinical outcome after cutaneous reconstruction using genicular artery flaps has not been reported. Major cutaneous defects of the pelvic limb between the stifle and hock are frequent in dogs and closure is di...

    Authors: Ciprian Ober, Joshua Milgram, William McCartney, Marian Taulescu, Cosmin Pestean, Iulia Melega and Liviu Oana

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:158

    Content type: Case Report

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  40. Bilateral non-traumatic cranial cruciate disease is frequently seen in originally unilateral cruciate pathology. Untreated cranial cruciate ligament disease and concurrent meniscal lesions cause progressive os...

    Authors: Elke Van der Vekens, Evelien de Bakker, Evelien Bogaerts, Bart J. G. Broeckx, Richard Ducatelle, Kaatje Kromhout and Jimmy H. Saunders

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:146

    Content type: Research article

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  41. The limb center of pressure (COP) path measures and quantifies the load distribution within a limb in a still or moving subject. Under this premise, the aim of this study was to test whether data derived from ...

    Authors: Sergio López, José M. Vilar, Mónica Rubio, Joaquin J. Sopena, Elena Damiá, Déborah Chicharro, Angelo Santana and José M. Carrillo

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:138

    Content type: Research article

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  42. In this research, using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we provide a thorough description of the standard appearance of a right tarsal joint in a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris). CT ...

    Authors: Alberto Arencibia, Jorge Matos, Mario Encinoso, Francisco Gil, Alejandro Artiles, Francisco Martínez-Gomariz and José Maria Vázquez

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:126

    Content type: Research article

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  43. The southern tamandua, Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758), is the most common species of anteater. Even though much is known about its ecology, behavior, and parasites, there is very limited information about...

    Authors: Leonardo Cotts, Roberta V. Amaral, Maíra Laeta, Carlos A. Cunha-Filho and Ricardo Moratelli

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:120

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Our understanding of the biology of osteoblasts is important as they underpin bone remodelling, fracture healing and processes such as osseointegration. Osteoblasts isolated from human humeral samples display ...

    Authors: Richard L. Meeson, Inês P. Perpétuo, Kevin Parsons, Isabel R. Orriss, Mittal Shah, Andrew A. Pitsillides and Michael Doube

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:114

    Content type: Research article

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  45. High prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in racehorses and its impact on horse welfare and racing economics call for improved measures of injury diagnosis and prevention. Serum biomarkers of bone and carti...

    Authors: Agnieszka J. Turlo, Anna Cywinska and David D. Frisbie

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:66

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Due to the routine use of dexamethasone (DEX) in veterinary and human medicine and its negative impact on the rate of wound healing and skeletal muscle condition, we decided to investigate the effect of DEX on...

    Authors: Iwona Otrocka-Domagała, Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula and Michał Gesek

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2019 15:56

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Young Standardbred horses frequently develop fragments in joints. Some fragments represent osteochondrosis; others are considered developmental, but it is uncertain whether they result from preceding osteochon...

    Authors: Eli H. S. Hendrickson, Sigrid Lykkjen, Nils I. Dolvik and Kristin Olstad

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2018 14:390

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Three-dimensional joint kinematics during canine locomotion are commonly measured using skin marker-based stereophotogrammetry technologies. However, marker-related errors caused by the displacement of the ski...

    Authors: Cheng-Chung Lin, Chia-Lin Chang, Ming Lu, Tung-Wu Lu and Ching-Ho Wu

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2018 14:389

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Internal plate fixation and, more recently, locking plate fixation are commonly used in the repair of fractures in small animal surgery. This retrospective study reviewed the use of the String of Pearls lockin...

    Authors: Matthew R. Field, Ryan Butler, Robert W. Wills and Wilburn M. Maxwell

    Citation: BMC Veterinary Research 2018 14:386

    Content type: Research article

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