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Table 2 Digital dermatitis M-score and descriptors [69, 70]

From: A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of lameness and digital dermatitis in dairy cattle herds in Egypt

M-stage

Descriptor

M0

“No sign of pre-existing lesion. Normal skin”

M1

“Small (< 2 cm across) focal active state. Circumscribed lesion”

M2

“Larger (> 2 cm across) ulcerative active stage. Can be painful on manipulation”

M3

“Healing stage. The ulcerative surface is transformed to a dry brown, firm rubbery scab. No pain on manipulation”

M4

“Chronic stage. Surface is raised by tan, brown, black, rubbery, irregular, proliferative hyperkeratotic growths that vary from papilliform to mass-like projections”

M4.1

“Chronic stage with small active M1 focus”