Table 4 Age, weight and 2D and M-mode echocardiographic parameters in brachycephalic breeds with and without signs of BOAS

Age (years)

1.48 (1.14–2.60)✩

1.85 (0.71–2.90)

2.81 (0.98–6.51)

3.98 (2.11–8.16)

2.69 (1.53–2.69)

Weight (kg)

10.25 (9.28–12.75)✩

10.0 (8.9–12.03)

9.0 (6.90–10.28)✩

8.70 (7.75–10.60)

6.70 (6.10–10.70)✩

LA/Ao

1.56 (1.41–1.6)

1.55 (1.49–1.62)

1.49 (1.39–1.62)

1.56 (1.48–1.67)

1.51 (1.49–1.64)

AoI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.73 (0.70–0.76)

0.68 (0.63–0.73)

0.74 (0.61–0.78)

0.64 (0.61–0.70)

0.75 (0.66–0.76)

LASaxI (cm/kg^1/3)

1.10 (1.01–1.15)

1.10 (1.00–1.17)

1.02 (0.93–1.17)

1.01 (0.94–1.07)

1.06 (1.02–1.18)

LALaxI (cm/kg^1/3)

1.10 (1.04–1.19)✩**

1.20 (1.15–1.24)**

0.99 (0.97–1.11)✩

1.01 (0.98–1.24)

1.27 (1.20–1.32)

IVSdI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.33 (0.29–0.38)

0.32 (0.28–0.36)

0.34 (0.32–0.37)

0.29 (0.26–0.32)

0.40 (0.33–0.46)

LVIDdI (cm/kg^1/3)

1.37 (1.26–1.52)

1.34 (1.31–1.50)

1.23 (1.15–1.35)✩

1.27 (1.19–1.32)

1.50 (1.39–1.61)

LVPWdI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.35 (0.33–0.41)

0.34 (0.28–0.37)

0.34 (0.28–0.37)

0.33 (0.27–0.35)

0.36 (0.34–0.38)

IVSsI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.45 (0.42–0.50)

0.39 (0.36–0.45)**

0.43 (0.36–0.54)

0.38 (0.33–0.39)

0.58 (0.45–0.63)

LVIDsI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.87 (0.74–0.98)

0.92 (0.87–0.98)

0.89 (0.81–0.97)

0.91 (0.81–0.94)

0.83 (0.76–0.96)

LVPWsI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.48 (0.42–0.57)

0.44 (0.41–0.48)

0.45 (0.41–0.48)

0.38 (0.35–0.47)

0.54 (0.50–0.58)

FS (%)

39.5 (34.25–43.0)✩

34.0 (28.25–38.50)

31.5 (22.7–39.0)

30.0 (27.0–42.5)

41.0 (36.50–50.0)✩

RVIDbasI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.67 (0.60–0.75)

0.75 (0.60–0.84)

0.66 (0.51–0.74)

0.63 (0.59–0.70)

0.72 (0.64–0.78)

RVIDmidI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.75 (0.67–0.79)

0.69 (0.61–0.79)

0.64 (0.61–0.81)

0.62 (0.61–0.75)

0.81 (0.63–0.86)

RVIDlongI (cm/kg1/3)

1.23 (1.18–1.37)

1.33 (1.17–1.45)

1.25 (1.20–1.36)

1.31 (1.18–0.69)

1.33 (1.21–1.47)

RVIDlong/RVIDmid

1.74 (1.56–1.90)

2.06 (1.59–2.13)

1.90 (1.62–2.18)

2.0 (1.92–2.14)

1.80 (1.63–1.94)

RVAdI (cm²/kg^2/3)

0.76 (0.69–0.88)

0.78 (0.71–0.95)

0.56 (0.46–0.67)✩

0.57 (0.52–0.81)

0.90 (0.61–1.05)

RVAsI (cm²/kg^2/3)

0.39 (0.35–0.44)✩

0.43 (0.31–0.53)

0.27 (0.23–0.43)✩

0.29 (0.25–0.53)

0.42 (0.34–0.55)

FAC (%)

49.5 (43.0–53.0)

46.5 (43.3–58.8)

47.0 (33.3–54.5)

47.0 (36.50–51.5)

50.0 (39.0–55.0)

RAAI (cm²/kg^2/3)

0.74 (0.66–0.86)

0.73 (0.61–0.87)

0.70 (0.57–0.85)

0.58 (0.47–0.62)

0.71 (0.57–0.85)

TAPSEI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.52 (0.44–0.58)

0.47 (0.40–0.54)

0.51 (0.34–0.60)**

0.35 (0.27–0.39)**

0.58 (0.41–0.64)

MAPSEI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.41 (0.36–0.48)

0.37 (0.33–0.52)

0.36 (0.27–0.41)✩

0.38 (0.30–0.40)

0.51 (0.41–0.56)

CVCII (cm/kg^1/3)

0.25 (0.18–0.30)✩

0.21 (0.14–0.27)

0.17 (0.14–0.23)

0.15 (0.12–0.19)

0.27 (0.23–0.32)✩

CVCEI (cm/kg^1/3)

0.40 (0.35–0.49)

0.38 (0.33–0.43)

0.35 (0.28–0.43)

0.35 (0.27–0.35)

0.43 (0.57–0.85)✩

CVCCI (%)

34.8 (32.50–47.50)✩

41.43 (36.46–55.0)

47.73 (43.25–50.0)

50.0 (43.7–57.14)

34.85 (34.37–42.56)✩