Table 3 Effect of dietary supplementation of Ginger roots to Japanese male quails on semen characteristics, cloacal gland foam indices and sperm-egg penetration assay at 10 weeks of age

Ejaculate volume (μL)

5.47 ± 0.52^c

13.43 ± 0.48^b

16.40 ± 0.87^a

0.599

0.000

Motility (%)

70.00 ± 1.17^b

78.37 ± 1.38^a

80.00 ± 0.81^a

1.181

0.000

Sperm concentration (× 10⁶/mm³)

474. ± 10.44^c

566.87 ± 21.89^b

712.60 ± 15.33^a

12.93

0.000

Sperm viability (%)

81.88 ± 1.00^c

86.76 ± 0.78^b

89.86 ± 0.78^a

0.871

0.000

Live normal sperm (%)

68.38 ± 1.35^c

76.51 ± 1.11^b

81.9 ± 0.78^a

1.28

0.000

Live abnormal sperm (%)

13.5 ± 0.45^a

10.24 ± 0.41^b

7.95 ± 0.59^c

0.517

0.000

SP holes/GD

217.15 ± 3.69^c

240.65 ± 3.95^b

258.90 ± 3.86^a

3.73

0.000

Fertility (%)

80.15 ± 2.13^b

90.27 ± 0.95^a

92.27 ± 0.85^a

1.24

0.000

CAREA (mm²)

286.04 ± 4.16^c

325.00 ± 4.97^b

342.20 ± 6.90^a

5.167

0.000

CVOL (mm³)

2736 ± 76.30^c

3287.97 ± 76.80^b

3594.33 ± 99.19^a

79.70

0.000

CFP

2.88 ± 0.20^c

4.24 ± 0.10^b

4.66 ± 0.08^a

0.138

0.000

Foam weight (mg/bird)

34.52 ± 4.27^b

37.46 ± 2.74^b

55.24 ± 0.08^a

4.59

0.004