Fig. 6

N Proteins Induce Autophagy in an mTOR-Dependent Manner. A The CPE in mock-, UV-CDV-, CDV-infected Vero cell at 72 hpi (magnification, × 4). B Vero cells were infected as described in (A). virus titers were measured by TCID₅₀. C Vero cells were infected as described in (A). The cell samples were then analyzed by western blot with anti-CDV-N, anti-LC3B, and anti-β-tubulin (loading control) antibodies. D The LC3B levels relative to the β-tubulin levels were determined by densitometry. E Vero cells were transfected with p3 × Flag-CMV and p3 × Flag-CMV-N plasmids expressing the fusion protein for 48 h. The cell samples were then analyzed by western blot with anti-Flag antibody. F Vero cells were infected as described in (E). The cell samples were then analyzed by western blot with anti-p-mTOR, anti-mTOR, anti-p-AKT, anti-AKT, anti-p62, anti-LC3B and anti-β-tubulin (loading control) antibodies. G Vero cells were infected as described in (E). The target protein levels relative to the β-tubulin levels were determined by densitometry. The blots were cropped. The samples derived from the same experiment and that blots were processed in parallel. The data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Two-way ANOVA; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001