Fig. 4

Autophagy inhibition reduces CDV replication. A and E Vero cells were pre-treated with Chloroquine and Wortmannin for 4 h and then infected with CDV (MOI = 1) for 26 and 30 h. The cell samples were then analyzed by western blot with anti-CDV-N, anti-LC3B, anti-p62, and anti-β-tubulin (loading control) antibodies. B and F Vero cells were pre-treated and infected as described in (A and E). At 26 and 30 hpi, the target protein levels relative to the β-tubulin levels were determined by densitometry in control, chloroquine- and wortmannin-pre-treated cells. C-D and G-H Vero cells were pre-treated and infected as described in (A and E). At 26 and 30 hpi, copy numbers of CDV were measured by qRT-PCR; virus titers were measured by TCID₅₀. The blots were cropped. The samples derived from the same experiment and that blots were processed in parallel. The data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Two-way ANOVA; # P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001