No | Variable | Morbidity | Mortality | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
x2 | p | x2 | p | ||
 | Location (Arsi Negele/Hawassa/Wolaita Sodo) | 2.57 | 0.2771 | 6.02 | 0.0493 |
2 | Cal sex (Male/Female) | 9.55 | 0.002 | 3.0 | 0.0834 |
3 | Calf breed (Jersey/HF cross) | 1.51 | 0.4697 | 0.13 | 0.9349 |
4 | Calf age (≤3/>3 yr) | 35.92 | 0.0000 | 10.18 | 0.0014 |
5 | Calving difficulty (Yes/No) | 9.28 | 0.0023 | 23.04 | 0.000 |
6 | Dam’s parity (Primiparous/Multiparous) | 0.09 | 0.7702 | 3.01 | 0.0825 |
7 | Management system (Intensive/Semi-intensive) | 0.00 | 0.9829 | 0.10 | 0.7507 |
8 | Farmer’s education (No formal edu/primary/secondary or college edu) | 10.53 | 0.0145 | 14.03 | 0.0025 |
9 | Herd size (≤10/>10) | 0.02 | 0.8996 | 0.02 | 0.8907 |
10 | Calving facility (Yes/No) | 5.84 | 0.0156 | 0.09 | 0.7621 |
11 | Calf housing (Individual/Group) | 1.29 | 0.2561 | 0.61 | 0.4333 |
12 | First time calves ingested colostrum (≤6 hrs/>6 hrs) | 2.04 | 0.1530 | 0.02 | 0.8775 |
13 | Time calves are separated from dams (Immediately/after sucking colostrum) | 0.08 | 0.7726 | 7.76 | 0.0053 |
14 | Method of colostrum administration (Sucking/Hand-fed) | 1.12 | 0.2892 | 1.86 | 0.1727 |
15 | Umbilical care (Yes/No) | 5.04 | 0.048 | 0.06 | 0.8125 |
16 | Mixing of calves of different ages (Yes/No) | 2.94 | 0.086 | 0.14 | 0.7082 |
17 | Mixing of calves and cows in the barn (Yes/No) | 0.04 | 0.8441 | 1.25 | 0.2639 |
18 | Hygiene (Good/Poor) | 4.2 | 0.1225 | 3.18 | 0.2038 |
19 | Dairying as a primary income source (Yes/No) | 8.26 | 0.004 | 1.85 | 0.1735 |