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Table 2 Mean concentrations of amoxicillin (AMO) and doxycycline (DOX) in medicated drinking water samples (duplicate measurements), in μg/ml

From: Qualitative risk assessment of homogeneity, stability, and residual concentrations of antimicrobials in medicated feed and drinking water in pig rearing

  1. The concentration of samples taken during treatment was taken 3 hours after the start of the treatment and this at the start (Cther_b), at the middle (Cther_m), and end (Cther_e) of the drinking water pipeline. The pre-solution (in case a dosing pump was used) and the drinking water tank were sampled after 3 h (Cpre_3h/Ctank_3h) and just before the pre-solution/tank was finished or just before a new batch of pre-solution/tank was prepared to determine its stability (Cpre_stab/Ctank_stab). Samples were also taken 2 days after the end of the treatment to measure the residual concentrations at the beginning (Cres_b), middle (Cres_m), and end (Cres_e) of the drinking water pipeline. Values shown in green were within the therapeutic concentration range for that active substance, with the uncertainty of the analytical methods taken into account (−20 to + 10%; 106–368 μg/ml AMO; 82–199 μg/ml DOX). Values in red were below the therapeutic concentration range, values higher than the therapeutic concentration range are shown in yellow. Values lower than the detection limit are presented as ND (not detected). Medicated drinking water was prepared using a mechanical (MP) or electrical (EP) dosing pump, or a drinking water tank (tank). Adapted from Vandael et al., 2020 [24]