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Table 1 Mean concentrations of amoxicillin (AMO) and doxycycline (DOX) in medicated feed samples

From: Qualitative risk assessment of homogeneity, stability, and residual concentrations of antimicrobials in medicated feed and drinking water in pig rearing

  1. Mean concentrations of duplicate measurements are shown in μg/g, and were obtained in samples collected at the start of treatment and sampled at the beginning (start_b), middle (start_m,) and end (start_e) of the feed line; as well as sampled halfway through the treatment (again at the beginning (half_b), middle (half_m), and end (half_e) of the feed line), on the last day of treatment (at the beginning (end_b), middle (end_m), and end (end_e) of the feed line), and 2 days after the end of the treatment to measure the residual concentrations at the beginning (res_b), middle (res_m), and end (res_e) of the feed line. Values shown in green were within the therapeutic concentration range for that active substance (240–550 μg/g AMO; 200–550 μg/g DOX), after taking into account the measurement uncertainty of the analytical method (− 20 to + 10%); values in red were below the therapeutic concentration range. Values lower than the detection limit were presented as ND (not detected). Medicated feed was produced at the feed mill with an end-of-line mixer (n = 8), or by the farmer using a dosing system on the feed line (n = 2, farm number 1 and 2). Adapted from Vandael et al., 2020 [24]