Dietary supplementation with full-fat Hermetia illucens larvae and multi-probiotics, as a substitute for antibiotics, improves the growth performance, gut health, and antioxidative capacity of weaned pigs

Table 8 Effect of dietary BSFL full-fat meal and probiotic mixture to replace antibiotics on the intestinal histomorphology in weaning pigs^1,2

	Item	Dietary treatment				Normality	Homogeneity of error variance
	Item	PC	NC	BSFL12	BSFL + Pro	P - value	P-value	SEM	P - value
Duodenum	Villus height (μm)	701.96^ab	578.18^b	770.45^a	774.98^a	0.725	0.163	45.527	0.033
	Crypt depth (μm)	366.39	447.73	339.18	358.72	0.003	0.035	21.277	0.077
	VH/CD	1.97^a	1.34^b	2.28^a	2.16^a	0.444	0.094	0.151	0.004
Jejunum	Villus height (μm)	671.86	596.11	663.87	707.31	0.034	0.264	76.534	0.668
	Crypt depth (μm)	370.53	339.16	347.31	357.41	0.113	0.351	26.434	0.851
	VH/CD	1.94	1.85	1.95	2.29	0.117	0.014	0.317	0.896
Ileum	Villus height (μm)	487.78	478.07	484.32	534.34	0.375	0.184	38.289	0.719
	Crypt depth (μm)	297.21	271.84	262.69	298.61	0.021	0.114	43.468	0.564
	VH/CD	1.76	1.87	2.06	2.11	0.096	0.141	0.368	0.898

¹Abbreviations: PC basal diet with amoxicillin 0.02%, NC basal diet without addition, BSFL12 basal diet plus 12% black solder fly larva full-fat meal, BSFL + Pro basal diet plus 12% black solder fly larva full-fat meal and 0.1% multi-probiotics, VH/CD villus height-to-crypt depth ratio
²Data are shown as group mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) (n = 5 per treatment)
^a,bValues within a row not sharing common lowercase superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)

ISSN: 1746-6148