Dietary supplementation with full-fat Hermetia illucens larvae and multi-probiotics, as a substitute for antibiotics, improves the growth performance, gut health, and antioxidative capacity of weaned pigs

Table 5 Effect of dietary BSFL full-fat meal and probiotic mixture to replace antibiotic on the blood-related gut health and antioxidative stress in weaning pigs^1,2

Item	Dietary treatment				Normality	Homogeneity of error variance
Item	PC	NC	BSFL12	BSFL+ Pro	P - value	P- value	SEM	P - value
IgA (g/L)	0.77^ab	0.52^b	0.84^a	0.93^a	0.195	0.282	0.092	0.044
IgG (g/L)	17.68^b	12.84^b	21.02^b	25.79^a	0.011	0.001	2.013	0.008
IgM (g/L)	2.15	1.97	2.09	2.13	0.112	0.037	0.143	0.896
IL1β (pg/mL)	298.20^ab	343.97^a	274.96^b	243.13^b	0.612	0.163	20.777	0.031
IL6 (pg/mL)	132.79	144.67	123.15	116.21	0.126	0.071	10.687	0.309
TNFα (pg/mL)	52.84^ab	74.83^a	54.54^ab	39.13^b	0.146	0.043	7.695	0.106
TAC (U/mL)	10.32	8.48	13.64	12.86	0.571	0.138	2.431	0.447
SOD (U/mL)	68.13^b	51.46^b	78.32^ab	89.38^a	0.157	0.012	8.775	0.033
GSH-Px (U/mL)	650.36^b	552.65^b	878.98^ab	886.66^a	0.024	0.142	78.977	0.026
MDA (nmol/mL)	7.51^ab	8.84^a	6.31^bc	5.39^c	0.654	0.099	0.568	0.006

¹Abbreviations: PC basal diet with amoxicillin 0.02%, NC basal diet without addition, BSFL12 basal diet plus 12% black solder fly larva full-fat meal, BSFL + Pro basal diet plus 12% black solder fly larva full-fat meal and 0.1% multi-probiotics, IgA immunoglobulin A, IgG immunoglobulin G, IgM immunoglobulin M, IL1β interleukine-1β, IL6 interleukine-6, TNFα tumour necrosis factor alpha, TAC total antioxidant capacity, SOD superoxide dismutase, GSH-Px glutathione peroxidase, MDA malondialdehyde
²Data are shown as group mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) (n = 5 per treatment)
^a-cValues within a row not sharing common lowercase superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)

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