Fig. 3

The effect of piperine on TNF-α-induced NF-κB translocation in 2D porcine duodenal enteroid. a The representative image of 2D porcine duodenal enteroid. Cells were treated with 50 ng/mL TNF-α with or without 8 or 20 μg/mL piperine for 30 minutes. Cells were stained with rabbit NF-κB antibody, following with Alexa Fluor 488 anti-rabbit IgG and Hoechst as nuclear staining. b Positive localization of NF-κB staining inside nuclear staining was counted divided by the amount of nuclear staining. One sample was measured at least 5 areas (n = 3) (**: p-value < 0.01 compared with vehicle)