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Table 2 Leukogram (mean ± S.D) of vaccinated quails, administered vitamin C and Arabic gum (supplements) post-vaccination (PV) and post-challenge (PC)

From: Immunological, biochemical and pathological effects of vitamin C and Arabic gum co-administration on H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccinated and challenged laying Japanese quails

Groups

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

Control

Ch

S + Ch

VAC + Ch

VAC + S + Ch

1st week PV

TLC

4.51 ± 0.69c

4.56 ± 0.63c

5.09 ± 0.54c

7.93 ± 1.18b

9.07 ± 0.82a

L

2.75 ± 0.43c

2.78 ± 0.40c

3.21 ± 0.39c

4.20 ± 0.60b

5.18 ± 0.63a

H

1.68 ± 0.28b

1.72 ± 0.24b

1.77 ± 0.27b

3.53 ± 0.71a

3.70 ± 0.36a

M

0.04 ± 0.03a

0.03 ± 0.04a

0.06 ± 0.05a

0.09 ± 0.06a

0.10 ± 0.09a

2nd week PV

TLC

4.17 ± 0.57a

4.23 ± 0.56a

5.07 ± 0.83a

4.67 ± 0.83a

5.02 ± 1.02a

L

2.57 ± 0.37a

2.56 ± 0.38a

3.17 ± 0.52a

2.76 ± 0.58a

3.15 ± 0.60a

H

1.53 ± 0.26a

1.61 ± 0.20a

1.83 ± 0.36a

1.81 ± 0.29a

1.83 ± 0.46a

M

0.03 ± 0.03a

0.04 ± 0.03a

0.04 ± 0.04a

0.07 ± 0.02a

0.03 ± 0.04a

3rd week PV

TLC

4.07 ± 0.52a

4.34 ± 0.88a

5.00 ± 0.93a

4.62 ± 0.86a

4.93 ± 0.82a

L

2.43 ± 0.31a

2.46 ± 0.46a

2.96 ± 0.58a

2.67 ± 0.39a

3.04 ± 0.63a

H

1.57 ± 0.24a

1.82 ± 0.53a

1.89 ± 0.46a

1.86 ± 0.54a

1.82 ± 0.28a

M

0.03 ± 0.04a

0.04 ± 0.03a

0.05 ± 0.04a

0.05 ± 0.05a

0.04 ± 0.04a

1st week PC

TLC

4.38 ± 0.94b

9.89 ± 1.86a

9.53 ± 2.07a

9.63 ± 1.95a

9.89 ± 2.48a

L

2.58 ± 0.58b

5.79 ± 1.26a

5.82 ± 1.29a

5.56 ± 1.13a

6.09 ± 1.58a

H

1.72 ± 0.38b

3.97 ± 0.63a

3.44 ± 0.77a

3.92 ± 0.91a

3.63 ± 0.86a

M

0.03 ± 0.04b

0.10 ± 0.09ab

0.18 ± 0.05a

0.09 ± 0.09ab

0.13 ± 0.09a

2nd week PC

TLC

4.34 ± 0.78b

4.65 ± 0.57ab

5.25 ± 0.44a

4.50 ± 1.00ab

5.36 ± 0.59a

L

2.58 ± 0.44b

2.77 ± 0.34ab

3.14 ± 0.33a

2.57 ± 0.60b

3.24 ± 0.41a

H

1.70 ± 0.33a

1.83 ± 0.19a

2.02 ± 0.09a

1.83 ± 0.40a

2.03 ± 0.24a

M

0.02 ± 0.03a

0.03 ± 0.04a

0.06 ± 0.05a

0.05 ± 0.05a

0.06 ± 0.06a

  1. Ch challenged, S supplements (Arabic gum and vitamin C), VAC vaccinated, TLC total leukocyte (103/μl) count, L lymphocyte (103/μl), H heterophil (103/μl), M, monocytes (103/μl); G1, negative control; G2, unvaccinated + H9N2 challenged (Ch); G3, unvaccinated + supplemented + Ch; G4, VAC + Ch; and G5, VAC + supplemented + Ch. The supplements (vitamin C, 1 g/l and AG, 1% ration) were given for 5 weeks PV
  2. Means with the same letter (a-d) in the same row are not significantly different at P < 0.05