Table 1 Semen volume, concentration, total sperm × 10⁶/ejaculation, and motility % in dogs treated with melatonin and compared to the control. Data are obtained as mean ± SEM with sample size = 12 × 6 = 72

4.23 ± 0.01

4.45 ± 0.01

177 ± 32.14

180 ± 42.01

750 ± 12.31

790 ± 3.62

68.21 ± 9.65

70.12 ± 4.21

4.51 ± 0.02

4.55 ± 0.03

190 ± 15.66

180 ± 47.32

760 ± 19.33

800 ± 45.32

70.11 ± 5.02

70.32 ± 3.21

5.5 ± 0.11

5.21 ± 0.02

266 ± 40.31^b

200 ± 18.62^a

800 ± 15.68

820 ± 45.25

71.19 ± 4.25

75.25 ± 4.55

7.03 ± 0.02^b

5.11 ± 0.02^a

310 ± 25.31^b

210 ± 28.66^a

952 ± 40.32^b

800 ± 18.66^a

85.51 ± 3.71^b

75.85 ± 4.08^a

7.13 ± 0.01^b

6.10 ± 0.04^a

290 ± 15.32^b

220 ± 41.32^a

987 ± 25.31^b

800 ± 28.66^a

85.56 ± 7.01^b

80.41 ± 4.82^a

7.65 ± 0.02^b

5.59 ± 0.01^a

310 ± 15.62^b

230 ± 47.11^a

995 ± 15.64^b

810 ± 47.25^a

90.21 ± 3.55^b

75.22 ± 2.65^a