Fig. 1

Optimization of annealing temperature (A), gold nanoparticle concentration (B), and gold nanoparticle diameter (C). Lane M: Trans2K DNA Marker (TransGen Biotech, BM101). A Lane 1: Negative control, lane 2–13: Annealing temperatures of 49°C, 49.4°C, 50.2°C, 51.4°C, 53°C, 54.2°C, 55.6°C, 56.2°C, 58.4°C, 59.5°C, 60.4°C, 61°C. B Lane 1: Negative control, lane 2–7: The gold nanoparticles in volumes from 0.5 μL to 3 μL in increments of 0.5 μL. C Lane 1: Negative control, lane 2–6: The gold nanoparticles with diameters of 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 60 nm and 100 nm