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Table 1 Summary of premedication, intraoperative treatment, adjunct analgesics, surgery and anaesthesia duration in dogs undergoing anaesthesia and elective orthopaedic surgery (n = 20). Data are expressed as median (interquartile range; IQR); animal number (n) and percentage (%)

From: Point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation assessment in healthy dogs during the perianesthetic period

Locoregional techniques n (%)

19 (95%)

Premedication:

 Maropitant (1 mg/kg) n (%)

6 (30%)

 Maropitant (1 mg/kg) and Ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg) n (%)

11 (55%)

 Hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) n (%)

6 (30%)

 Dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg) and Hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) n (%)

12 (60%)

 Dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg) and Fentanyl (3 mcg/kg) n (%)

1 (5%)

 Dexmedetomidine (1 mcg/kg) and Methadone (0.3 mg/kg) and Ketamine (1 mg/kg) n (%)

1 (5%)

Intraoperative anaesthetic management:

 Fluid bolus n (%) (> 5 mL/kg / < 5 mL/kg)

3 (15%) / 4 (20%)

 Glycopyrrolate n (%)

9 (45%)

 Norepinephrine n (%)

2 (10%)

Intraoperative adjuvants:

 Ketamine CRI n (%)

13 (65%)

 Dexmedetomidine CRI n (%)

3 (15%)

 Fentanyl CRI n (%)

1 (5%)

 Lidocaine CRI n (%)

1 (5%)

Postoperative carprofen administration n (%)

15 (75%)

Use of gabapentin prior surgery n (%)

4 (20%)

Use of carprofen within 7 days prior surgery n (%)

6 (30%)

Received carprofen subcutaneously prior surgery n (%)

6 (30%)

Anaesthesia duration (minutes)

270 (IQR:245–336 min)

Surgery duration (minutes)

127 (IQR:89–163 min)

Time between BL and PM (minutes)

810 (IQR:696–1080 min)

  1. CRI Continuous rate infusion, BL Baseline, PM = 15 min following premedication