Table 1 Normal reference values (mean ± 2 SD), minimum and maximum measurements and ICCs for ultrasonographic scans of jugular veins in donkeys (Equus asinus, n = 20)
From: B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography of normal external jugular vein in donkeys (Equus asinus)
Left side veins | Right side veins | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference values | Minimum | Maximum | ICCs | Reference values | Minimum | Maximum | ICCs | |
Longitudinal scans | ||||||||
Depth (mm) | 5.3 ± 1.9 | 4.1 | 8.1 | 0.82 | 5 ± 1.4 | 4.1 | 6.8 | 0.78 |
SWT (mm) | 0.58 ± 0.2 | 0.42 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 0.57 ± 0.12 | 0.45 | 0.68 | 0.81 |
DWT (mm) | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.45 | 0.87 | 0.75 | 0.61 ± 0.17 | 0.42 | 0.77 | 0.80 |
Diameter (mm) | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 4.2 | 10.10 | 0.80 | 6 ± 3.4 | 3.94 | 10.5 | 0.77 |
Transverse scans | ||||||||
Depth (mm) | 5.5 ± 1.6 | 4.01 | 7.7 | 0.73 | 5.4 ± 2.7 | 0.62 | 7.79 | 0.79 |
SWT (mm) | 0.56 ± 0.2 | 0.43 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.59 ± 0.15 | 0.45 | 0.77 | 0.72 |
DWT (mm) | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.43 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.6 ± 0.13 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.75 |
Diameter (cm) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.88 | 1.64 | 0.76 | 1.2 ± 0.56 | 0.91 | 1.9 | 0.72 |
Area (cm2) | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.61 | 2.11 | 0.75 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.65 | 2.83 | 0.73 |
Doppler scans | ||||||||
Blood velocity (cm/sec) | 10.5 ± 2 | 8.4 | 12.5 | 0.72 | 10.4 ± 2.2 | 8.5 | 13.5 | 0.76 |
Blood flow rate (ml/min) | 0.67 ± 0.3 | 0.36 | 1.39 | 0.71 | 0.77 ± 0.4 | 0.33 | 1.78 | 0.79 |
Congestion index (cm.sec) | 0.12 ± 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.73 | 0.11 ± 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.27 | 0.76 |