Table 5 LC measurement locations, landmarks, body positions, and limb angles of limb circumference

Thigh (47 articles, 53 measurements)

Measurement level

• Level of the flank/groin [18, 19], [26]^a, [27]^a, [29]^a, [40]

• Proximal 1/4 of the thigh length [21, 23]

• Proximal 1/3 of the thigh length [9]^a, [22]^a, [35]

• Mid-point of the thigh length [5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 20, 31, 36, 38, 44, 47], [50]^a, [51, 52, 54]

• Distal 1/3 of the thigh length [9]^a, [10], [22]^a

• 70% of the thigh length from the greater trochanter [4, 45, 46, 49], [50]^a, [58,59,60,61,62]

• 3 cm proximal to the patella [26]^a, [27]^a, [29]^a

• Unspecified location [7, 28, 30, 32, 33, 39, 41, 42, 48, 53, 63]

Proximal landmark

• Greater trochanter [4,5,6, 8, 9, 20,21,22, 31, 35, 44,45,46, 49,50,51,52, 54, 58,59,60,61,62,63]

• Unspecified terms, such as flank/groin and ischium

Distal landmark

• Lateral femoral condyle [4, 5, 8, 20, 44,45,46, 51,52,53,54]

• Patella [9, 22, 26, 27, 29, 35]

• Lateral fabella [49, 50]

• Tibial crest [31]

• Unspecified terms, such as stifle and thigh

Brachium (6 articles)

Measurement level

• Level of the greater tubercle [55]

• Mid-point of the brachium length [52]

• Distal 1/3 of the brachium length [24, 25]

• 70% of the brachium length from the greater tubercle [57]

• Unspecified location [43]

Proximal landmark

• Greater tubercle of the humerus [25, 52, 55, 57]

 - Superior ridge of the greater tubercle [25]

 - Cranial/proximal aspect of the greater tubercle [52].

Distal landmark

• Lateral epicondyle of the humerus [25, 52, 57]

 - Proximal point of the lateral epicondyle [52]

 - 1 cm below the lateral epicondyle [25]

• Unspecified term, humerocubital distance [24]

Stifle (5 articles)

Measurement level

• Immediately below the end of the tibial crest [20]

• Proximal part of the patella [22]

• Distal part of the patella [56]

• Level of plica lateralis [34]

• Unspecified location [63]

Tibia/Crus (4 articles)

Measurement level

• Proximal tibia at the level of the greatest width [4]

• Proximal aspect of the tibial crest [44]

• Distal 1/4 from the lateral femoral condyle to distal point of the lateral malleolus [52]

• Unspecified location [39]

Antebrachium (4 articles)

Measurement level

• Proximal 1/4 of the antebrachium length from the lateral humeral epicondyle to proximal point of the styloid process [52]

• Proximal 1/3 of the cubitocarpal distance [24]

• Mid-point of the carpus and elbow [37]

• Unspecified location [43]

Body positions and limb angles

• Standing body position and standing limb angle [8, 25,26,27, 32, 33, 35, 36, 44, 46, 51, 53, 55]

• Lateral recumbency [4, 5, 9, 19, 22, 38, 50, 52, 54, 57,58,59,60,61,62,63]

• Standing limb angle [50]

• Stifle flexion angle [50]

• Stifle extension angle [19, 50, 54, 58,59,60,61,62]

• Stifle at 135 ° [9]