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Table 3 Observer variability analysis of limb circumference and ultrasound

From: Appendicular skeletal muscle mass assessment in dogs: a scoping literature review

 

Articles

Observers

locations

Intra-observer variability

Inter-observer variability

LC

Baker et al. [44]

Standing position

5 dogs

18.1 kg (8.2–24.6 kg)

3

50% thigh

Mean SD = 0.353 ~ 0.569 cm

Mean SD = 1.48 ~ 2.38 cm

Tibial tuberosity

Mean SD = 0.136 ~ 0.167 cm

Mean SD = 1.02 ~ 1.34 cm

Hock

Mean SD = 0.369 ~ 0.562 cm

Mean SD = 0.59 ~ 1.35 cm

Carpus

Mean SD = 0.102 ~ 0.187 cm

Mean SD = 0.46 ~ 0.68 cm

Bascuñán et al. [51]

Standing position

Cadavers &

8 Golden Retrievers

4

50% Thigh (cadaver, overall)

Variability±SD 0.09 ± 0.61 cm

Variability±SD 2.26 ± 1.18 cm

50% Thigh (cadaver, intact hair coat)

–

Variability±SD 2.65 ± 0.65 cm

50% Thigh (cadaver, shaved hair coat)

–

Variability±SD 2.19 ± 1.19 cm

50% Thigh (live dog, non-laser guided)

Variability±SD 1.13 ± 0.77 cm

Variability±SD 4.78 ± 2.60 cm

50% Thigh (live dog, laser guided)

Variability±SD 1.14 ± 0.66 cm

Variability±SD 3.34 ± 1.09 cm

Smith et al. [52]

Lateral recumbency

20 Golden Retrievers

29.1 kg (19.5–37.3 kg)

4

Antebrachium,

unknown limb angle

ICC = 0.673 ~ 0.78

ICC = 0.70 ~ 0.72

Brachium,

unknown limb angle

ICC = 0.257 ~ 0.328

ICC = 0.24 ~ 0.38

Crus,

unknown limb angle

ICC = 0.328 ~ 0.703

ICC = 0.42 ~ 0.43

50% Thigh,

unknown limb angle

ICC = 0.222 ~ 0.598

ICC = 0.23 ~ 0.32

McCarthy et al. [50]

Lateral recumbency

10 hound type dogs

2

70% thigh extended

ICC = 0.993, 0.994

ICC = 0.981

70% thigh standing

ICC = 0.989, 0.991

ICC = 0.972

70% thigh flexed

ICC = 0.987, 0.992

ICC = 0.973

50% thigh extended

ICC = 0.986, 0.984

ICC = 0.984

50% thigh standing

ICC = 0.966, 0.979

ICC = 0.963

50% thigh flexed

ICC = 0.964, 0.972

ICC = 0.959

US

Frank et al. [9]

1

Pelvic limb muscles

ICC ≥ 0.99

–

Sakaeda et al. [64]

2

Pelvic limb muscles

ICC = 0.948

–

  1. ICC Intraclass correlation coefficient, SD Standard deviation