Table 4 Inclusion and exclusion criteria peer-reviewed literature

Study design/ type

• Meta-analysis or systematic review

• Narrative review

• Randomized controlled trails

• Non-pertinent publication types (e.g., expert opinions, letters

• Non-randomized, prospective comparative studies

• Editorials, comments, conference,

• Prospective observational studies (e.g., cohort studies)

• Abstract/poster, news, consensus document, chapter

• Retrospective observational studies (e.g., case-control studies)

• Cross-sectional studies

• Case studies

• Outbreak Investigation

• Clinical studies

• Short communication

Study Quality

• Number of subjects (no minimum)

• Insufficient methodological quality (both inherent methodology as well as an insufficient description

• Study duration (no minimum)

Study Population

• Wild and captive elephants

• Other animals (wild and domestic animals) which are not the contacts of elephants

• Contacts of wild and captive elephants (Human and other animals)