Use of dexmedetomidine repeated subcutaneous administration for balanced anaesthesia in horses

Rabbogliatti, Vanessa; Amari, Martina; Brioschi, Federica Alessandra; Di Cesare, Federica; Zani, Davide Danilo; De Zani, Donatella; Di Giancamillo, Mauro; Cagnardi, Petra; Ravasio, Giuliano

doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03350-0

BMC Veterinary Research

Table 1 Arterial blood-gas values

From: Use of dexmedetomidine repeated subcutaneous administration for balanced anaesthesia in horses

Parameter	Group	Time points
Parameter	Group	T0	T10	T50	T90
PaCO₂ mmHg	CRI	40.98 ± 6.82 ^a	38.80 ± 7.34 ^a	38.39 ± 7.29	41.20 ± 7.82
PaCO₂ mmHg	SC	37.39 ± 3.83	37.37 ± 5.44	37.82 ± 3.50	36.61 ± 4.22
PaO₂ mmHg	CRI	222.53 ± 26.30^a−e	257.58 ± 31.74 ^a,e	282.94 ± 17.33 ^b	320.37 ± 38.52^a,c−e
PaO₂ mmHg	SC	229.71 ± 17.93^b−e	265.33 ± 28.43 ^d,e	335.61 ± 53.89 ^b,d	345.79 ± 31.80^c−e
PaO₂/FIO₂ mmHg	CRI	370.65 ± 26.37^a−e	429.55 ± 51.31^a,e	470.97 ± 28.20^b	533.12 ± 63.51^c−e
PaO₂/FIO₂ mmHg	SC	391.42 ± 41.69 ^a−e	441.90 ± 46.17 ^a,e	558.39 ± 85.12^b	575.44 ± 52.58^c−e
pH	CRI	7.42 ± 0.33 ^a−c	7.44 ± 0.06 ^a,d	7.46 ± 0.05 ^b,d	7.44 ± 0.06 ^c
pH	SC	7.45 ± 0.03 ^a	7.47 ± 0.03 ^a	7.47 ± 0.04	7.47 ± 0.03
Lactate mmol/L	CRI	1.10 ± 0.43	1.06 ± 0.28	1.26 ± 0.47	1.23 ± 0.52
Lactate mmol/L	SC	1.42 ± 1.33	1.86 ± 1.94	1.16 ± 0.42 ^#	1.44 ± 1.03
Hb g/dL	CRI	11.21 ± 1.55 ^b,c	10.79 ± 1.64 ^e	10.05 ± 1.03 ^b	9.72 ± 1.12 ^c,e
Hb g/dL	SC	10.56 ± 1.14 ^b	10.59 ± 1.30	11.14 ± 1.03b	10.70 ± 1.16
Hct %	CRI	33.80 ± 4.57	32.20 ± 4.83	30.55 ± 2.25	29.22 ± 3.53
Hct %	SC	31.60 ± 3.31	31.80 ± 3.97	33.50 ± 3.18	32.11 ± 3.41
BE mmol/L	CRI	2.21 ± 2.32	1.97 ± 2.03 ^e	2.68 ± 1.54	3.51 ± 1.98^e
BE mmol/L	SC	1.09 ± 4.53 ^#	-0.78 ± 3.13 ^#	-0.19 ± 2.85 ^#	1.33 ± 2.49 ^#
Na⁺	CRI	134. 46 ± 1.74 ^a−c	135.05 ± 1.47 ^a	135.53 ± 2.17 ^b,f	136.41 ± 3.16 ^c,f
Na⁺	SC	134.46 ± 2.02 ^b,c	134.80 ± 2.27 ^d,e	135.97 ± 2.00 ^b,d,f	136.60 ± 1.89 ^c,e,f
K⁺	CRI	3.60 ± 0.23	3.46 ± 0.28	3.51 ± 0.27	3.62 ± 0.61
K⁺	SC	3.75 ± 0.26 *	3.71 ± 0.35	3.60 ± 0.26	3.70 ± 0.27
Ca²⁺	CRI	1.43 ± 0.04 ^b,c	1.40 ± 0.06	1.39 ± 0.05 ^b	1.37 ± 0.07 ^c
Ca²⁺	SC	1.45 ± 0.08	1.43 ± 0.05 ^e	1.42 ± 0.05^f	1.40 ± 0.05 ^e,f
Cl⁻	CRI	102.51 ± 1.76	103.14 ± 2.38	103.05 ± 2.05	102.47 ± 3.45
Cl⁻	SC	105.51 ± 2.84	105.16 ± 2.74	104.66 ± 1.86	104.11 ± 1.52
Glu mg/dL	CRI	125.89 ± 20.87 ^b,c	129.67 ± 29.24 ^d,e	183.00 ± 41.36^b,d,f	221.50 ± 46.67 ^c,e,f
Glu mg/dL	SC	133.00 ± 26.36^a−c	145.86 ± 23.82^a,d,e	199.56 ± 39.52 ^b,d	226.43 ± 39.63 ^c,e
Creatinine mg/dL	CRI	1.35 ± 0.40	1.36 ± 0.44	1.34 ± 0.44	1.40 ± 0.48
Creatinine mg/dL	SC	1.23 ± 0.59	1.25 ± 0.19	1.28 ± 0.19	1.17 ± 0.21
Urea mg/dL	CRI	27.61 ± 3.93	27.26 ± 4.44	27.16 ± 3.53	27.20 ± 3.72
Urea mg/dL	SC	21.22 ± 11.60	25.40 ± 5.83	23.30 ± 8.17	27.87 ± 3.80

Mean ± standard deviation of arterial blood-gas values, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures (PaCO₂, PaO₂), ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (pO₂/FIO₂), arterial pH, arterial lactate, glucose and haemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit, arterial base excess, electrolytes, urea and creatinine in horses during isoflurane general anaesthesia with dexmedetomidine administered as a constant rate infusion (group CRI) or by repeated subcutaneous administration (group SC). Significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) at the same time point: # significantly lower in SC; * significantly higher in SC group. Significant differences (p < 0.05) within group over time: ^aT0 Vs T10; ^bT0 Vs T50; ^cT0 Vs T90; ^dT10 Vs T50; ^eT10 Vs T90; ^fT50 Vs T90

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