Table 6 Scores used in the histopathological analysis of synovial membrane and cartilage according to the osteoarthritis research society international [19]
Histopathological characteristics | Score | Description |
|---|---|---|
Synovial membrane | ||
Cell infiltration (lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells) | 0 | None |
1 | Occasional/in small areas | |
2 | Diffuse and mild presence | |
3 | Moderate presence | |
4 | Severe presence | |
Vascularization | 0 | Normal |
1 | Mild focal increase | |
2 | Mild diffuse increase | |
3 | Moderate, focal or diffuse vessel enlargement or dilated vessels | |
4 | Severe increase in number or dilated vessels | |
Intimal hyperplasia | 0 | None |
1 | Villi with 2–4 rows of intima cells within the section | |
2 | Villi with 4–5 rows of intima cells in 25–50% of the section | |
3 | Villi with 4–5 rows of intima cells in more than 25–50% of the section | |
4 | Villi with more than 5 rows of intima cells in more than 50% of the section | |
Subintimal edema | 0 | Without edema |
1 | Mild edema | |
2 | Moderate edema | |
3 | Moderate edema in more than 50% of the section | |
4 | Severe diffuse edema | |
Degree of fibrosis | 0 | Normal |
1 | Mild fibrosis | |
2 | Moderate and focal fibrosis | |
3 | Moderate and diffuse fibrosis in more than 50% of the section | |
4 | Severe and diffuse fibrosis | |
Cartilage | ||
Chondrocyte predominance and necrosis | 0 | Normal |
1 | No more than one superficial necrotic cell per field at 20× magnification | |
2 | 1–2 superficial necrotic cells per field at 20× magnification | |
3 | 2–3 superficial necrotic cells per field at 20× magnification | |
4 | 3–4 superficial necrotic cells per field at 20× magnification | |
Cluster formation | 0 | Normal |
1 | Formation of superficial chondrocyte pairs | |
2 | Cluster formation of 2–3 chondrocytes | |
3 | Cluster formation of 3–4 chondrocytes | |
4 | Cluster formation of more than 4 chondrocytes in the section. | |
Cellularity loss | 0 | None |
1 | 10–20% of acellular area at 20× magnification | |
2 | 20–30% of acellular area at 20× magnification | |
3 | 40–50% acellular area at 20× magnification | |
4 | More than 50% of acellular area at 20× magnification | |
Fibrillation and surface fissures | 0 | None |
1 | Restricted to the superficial area | |
2 | Extending to the middle zone | |
3 | Presence of fissures and fibrillations in the deep zone | |
4 | Severely changed deep zone | |
Fibrosis | 0 | Normal |
1 | Mild | |
2 | Moderate and focal | |
3 | Moderate and diffuse in more than 50% of the section | |
4 | Severe and diffuse | |