Table 4 Summary of the 13 case reports that matched inclusion criteria
Species (Subspecies, if provided, as stated by study authors) | Syndrome/System | Bacterial Pathogen | Treatment (active ingredient) |
|---|---|---|---|
Snake [31] (Boa constrictor imperator) | Stomatitis/Gastrointestinal | Enterobacter agglomerans | Enrofloxacin, sulfadiazine cream |
Iguana [32] (Green iguana) | Oral abscess/Intra-oral | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Enrofloxacin |
Rabbit [33] (Dwarf) | Abscesses/Skin | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | Rifampicin |
Rabbit [34] (Oryctolagus cuniculus) | Prostatic abscess/Reproductive | Pasteurella multocida | Enrofloxacin |
Rabbit [35] (Mixed breed) | Pyometra/Reproductive | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin |
Ferret [36] (Domestic ferret, Mustela putorius furo) | Splenitis/Other | Mycobacterium spp. | Enrofloxacin, rifampicin, and azithromycin |
Ferret [37] (Domestic ferret, Mustela putorius furo) | Pyothorax/Respiratory | Actinomyces hordeovulneris and Fusobacterium spp. | Enrofloxacin, ceftazidime, clindamycin, cefpodoxime |
Chinchilla [38] (Chinchilla lanigera) | Mid-cervical abscess/Skin | Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus | Azithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
Turtle [39] (Chinese three-striped box turtle, Cuora trifasciata) | Hepatic lesions/Other | E. coli | Ceftazidime |
Turtle [40] (River cooter, Pseudemys concinna) | Aural abscess/Aural | Citrobacter spp. and Morganella morganii | Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin |
Lizard [41] (Spiny-tailed lizard, Uromastyx acanthinura) | Cheilitis/Skin | Devriesea agamarum | Ceftazidime |
Hedgehog [42] (African pygmy hedgehog) | Dermatitis/Skin | Group A Streptococcus | Amoxicillin/clavulanate |
Parrot [43] (African grey parrot) | Chronic ulcerative dermatitis/Skin | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | Oral doxycycline, poloxamer gel (2% doxycycline, 1% chloramphenicol, 0.5% mupirocin), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |