Fig. 4From: Substance P concentrations in the blood plasma and serum of adult cattle and calves during different painful procedures and conditions – a systematic reviewSummary of processing of samples as described in the Material and Methods section of studies in cattle (n = 11, dark green) and calves (n = 25, light green) evaluating Substance P (SP) concentrations during different painful procedures, conditions, and diseases. In one study, SP concentrations were given as pg/mL and ng/mL; for this analysis, ng/mL (in-text) was used. Competitive Immunoassays (n = 3 in cattle and n = 5 in calves) and Enzyme Immunoassays (n = 2 in calves) were considered as ELISA. In one study, samples were kept at -18 °C, until transportation to the authors’ clinic, where samples were then kept at -80 °C; these were included as stored at -80 °C. One study described SP concentrations in blood as well as in saliva samples Back to article page