Broiler responses to copper levels and sources: growth, tissue mineral content, antioxidant status and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid and protein metabolism

Table 9 Parameters of gene-specific primers and reference genes obtained from the efficiency curve analysis in RT-qPCR

Tissue	Gene	T ^oC	[cDNA]	[Primer]	Efficiency, %	R²	Slope
Breast Muscle	mTOR	60	45 ng/μl	200 mM	105	0.99	-3.201
	GSK 3	60	45 ng/μl	200 mM	108	0.98	-3.135
	AKT 1	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	109	0.99	-3.131
	CuZnSOD	60	45 ng/μl	200 mM	115	0.98	-3.013
	MT	60	45 ng/μl	800 mM	109	0.99	-3.129
	β-actin	60	45 ng/μl	200 mM	91.0	0.99	-3.548
Liver	FAS	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	94.0	0.98	-3.474
	LPL	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	108	0.99	-3.135
	MDH	60	45 ng/μl	200 mM	104	0.99	-3.228
	CuZnSOD	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	103	0.99	-3.145
	MT	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	106	0.98	-3.192
	β-actin	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	109	0.98	-3.123
Intestine ^a	CTR1	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	96.0	0.99	-3.412
	ATOX1	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	101	0.99	-3.287
	MT	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	80.0	0.99	-3.917
	STEAP1	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	105	0.99	-3.199
	GAPDH	60	45 ng/μl	400 mM	94.0	0.99	-3.482

Abbreviations: mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin, GSK 3 Glycogen synthase kinase, AKT 1 Protein kinase serine-threonine 1, CuZnSOD Superoxide dismutase copper-zinc, MT Metallothionein, FAS Fatty Acid Synthetase, LPL Lipoprotein lipase, MDH Malate dehydrogenase, CTR1 Copper transporter 1, ATOX1 Antioxidant target 1 copper chaperone; STEAP1, Transmembrane Epithelial Antigene of the Prostate
^a Junction jejunum-ileum

ISSN: 1746-6148