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Table 4 Mineral concentration (dry matter) on tissues of 17 d old broiler chicks fed different copper levels and sources

From: Broiler responses to copper levels and sources: growth, tissue mineral content, antioxidant status and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid and protein metabolism

Item

Copper levels, mg/kg

Source

SEM1

Source

Level

Source × Level

L2

Q3

0

4

8

12

16

Inorganic

Organic

Breast muscle

  Calcium, g/kg

91.5

97.7

87.4

89.2

94.5

90.7

93.4

2.09

0.524

0.540

0.426

0.877

0.569

  Phosphorus, g/kg

9.60

9.52

9.63

9.33

9.54

9.56

9.48

64.7

0.475

0.621

0.673

0.502

0.767

  Copper, mg/kg

1.72

1.70

1.62

1.60

1.74

1.69

1.65

0.031

0.524

0.508

0.405

0.782

0.144

  Zinc, mg/kg

19.0

18.9

18.6

18.6

18.7

18.8

18.7

0.132

0.863

0.798

0.629

0.314

0.545

  Iron, mg/kg

17.5

17.7

16.6

17.1

18.9

17.7

17.5

0.307

0.736

0.164

0.554

0.271

0.067

  Manganese, mg/kg

0.575

0.593

0.714

0.620

0.650

0.624

0.637

0.022

0.762

0.315

0.960

0.272

0.275

Liver

  Calcium, g/kg

126

125

142

115

123

122

130

3.17

0.175

0.100

0.726

0.495

0.297

  Phosphorus, g/kg

9.79

9.78

9.93

9.46

9.73

9.87

0.960

0.111

0.249

0.757

0.685

0.577

0.954

  Copper, mg/kg

8.02b

8.67ab

8.71ab

8.36ab

9.15a

8.54

8.62

0.129

0.766

0.077

0.692

0.033

0.907

  Zinc, mg/kg

54.3

54.1

52.7

51.9

54.3

53.5

53.4

0.683

0.915

0.749

0.412

0.667

0.326

  Iron, mg/kg

266

267

249

253

261

287b

231a

7.88

 < 0.01

0.930

0.470

0.663

0.584

  Manganese, mg/kg

8.46

8.01

7.96

7.94

8.23

7.96

8.28

0.129

0.233

0.648

0.247

0.564

0.168

Tibia

  Calcium, g/kg

144

145

147

146

148

148

144

1.30

0.199

0.847

0.834

0.261

0.949

  Phosphorus, g/kg

69.8

71.4

70.2

70.8

73.1

71.6

70.5

0.476

0.266

0.212

0.305

0.074

0.398

  Copper, mg/kg

3.90

4.04

4.02

4.03

4.09

4.01

4.02

0.027

0.806

0.300

0.621

0.064

0.594

  Zinc, mg/kg

186

184

186

185

184

181b

189a

1.61

 < 0.01

0.989

0.107

0.766

0.895

  Iron, mg/kg

197

197

195

192

201

195

197

2.87

0.780

0.897

0.474

0.909

0.488

  Manganese, mg/kg

6.42

6.13

6.07

6.09

6.30

6.02b

6.38a

0.073

0.014

0.467

0.719

0.554

0.075

  1. 1Standard error of means
  2. 2Linear effect of dietary copper levels
  3. 3Quadratic effect of dietary copper levels
  4. Organic: copper proteinate (CuPro) and organic trace minerals; Inorganic: copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O) and inorganic trace minerals
  5. a−bMeans with a different superscript in a row are different (P < 0.05)