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Table 2 Changes in echocardiographic variables at various right atrial pacing rates in 8 healthy anesthetized dogs

From: Influence of heart rate on right ventricular function assessed by right heart catheterization and echocardiography in healthy anesthetized dogs

Variables

Baseline

(range: 70 - 112)

120 bpm

140 bpm

160 bpm

180 bpm

p*

RVEDA index (cm2/kg0.624)

1.21

(1.09 - 1.30)

1.16

(1.05 - 1.25)

1.10

(0.95 - 1.21)

0.97a,b

(0.96 - 1.03)

0.88a,b,c

(0.76 - 0.96)

 < 0.001

RVESA index (cm2/kg0.628)

0.71 ± 0.1

0.67 ± 0.1

0.64 ± 0.1 a

0.60 ± 0.1a

0.55 ± 0.1a,b,c

 < 0.001

RV FACn (%/kg−0.097)

51.8 ± 3.9

51.2 ± 5.9

51.3 ± 6.0

46.6 ± 4.5

46.4 ± 2.9a

 < 0.001

TAPSEn (mm/kg0.284)

4.4 ± 0.6

4.1 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 0.6a,b

3.3 ± 0.5a,b,c

2.8 ± 0.5a,b,c,d

 < 0.001

RV s’ (cm/s)

6.6 ± 1.0

7.1 ± 1.6

6.9 ± 1.7

6.9 ± 1.6

6.7 ± 1.4

0.345

  1. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed data or median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed data
  2. RV FACn right ventricular fractional area change normalized by body weight, RV s’ peak systolic myocardial velocity of the lateral tricuspid annulus, RVEDA index end-diastolic right ventricular area normalized by body weight, RVESA index end-systolic right ventricular area normalized by body weight, TAPSEn tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion normalized by body weight
  3. *P value of the repeated-measures analysis of variance or the Friedman test
  4. aThe value is significantly different from baseline (p < 0.050)
  5. bThe value is significantly different from 120 bpm (p < 0.050)
  6. cThe value is significantly different from 140 bpm (p < 0.050)
  7. dThe value is significantly different from 160 bpm (p < 0.050)