Fig. 1

Standard right parasternal short-axis echocardiographic images (systolic frames at the level of the aortic valve) of the Havanese dog (case 1) at 4 months of age (A, B) and at 1 year and 10 months of age (C, D). A Two-dimensional image shows a membranous septal aneurysm adjacent to the aorta and the tricuspid valve. a = aneurysm of the membranous part of the interventricular septum, * = opening on the aneurysm, i.e., the actual ventricular septal defect, Ao = aorta, LA = left atrium, RA = right atrium, TV = tricuspid valve, RV = right ventricle, PV = pulmonic valve, PA = pulmonic artery trunk. B Color Doppler image shows a left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect through the perforated septal aneurysm. The Nyquist limit was 80 cm/s in both directions. C Two-dimensional image showing the membranous septal aneurysm adjacent to the aorta and the tricuspid valve. D Color Doppler image showing the absence of flow through the membranous septal aneurysm. The Nyquist limit was 80 cm/s in both directions