Ameliorative effect of selenium yeast supplementation on the physio-pathological impacts ofchronic exposure to glyphosate and or malathion in Oreochromis niloticus

Table 1 Physicochemical parameters (mean ± SE) of water in experimental Oreochromis niloticus groups

Parameters	DO (mg L^− 1)	pH	Temp	NH₃ (mg L^− 1)	NO₃ (mg L^− 1)	Hardness (mg L^− 1)	Cl (mg L^− 1)	Alkalinity (mg L^− 1CaCo³)
G1	5.76 ± 0.08	8.64 ± 0.28	22.10 ± 0.32	0.038 ± 0.006	2.45 ± 0.68	158.01 ± 19.42	54.74 ± 1.58	26.76 ± 4.94
G2	5.86 ± 0.04	8.88 ± 0.04	22.05 ± 0.65	0.038 ± 0.003	3.27 ± 0.34	180.99 ± 9.71	56.62 ± 0.79	32.61 ± 2.47
G3	5.87 ± 0.05	8.54 ± 0.26	22.06 ± 0.32	0.034 ± 0.005	2.21 ± 0.63	151.13 ± 17.67	54.18 ± 1.44	25.00 ± 4.49
G4	5.88 ± 0.04	8.93 ± 0.04	22.28 ± 0.59	0.040 ± 0.004	3.39 ± 0.31	184.43 ± 8.84	56.90 ± 0.72	33.49 ± 2.24
G5	5.72 ± 0.07	8.52 ± 0.25	22.14 ± 0.30	0.033 ± 0.005	2.15 ± 0.60	149.41 ± 16.95	54.04 ± 1.38	24.57 ± 4.31
G6	5.89 ± 0.03	8.92 ± 0.03	22.34 ± 0.57	0.038 ± 0.006	3.42 ± 0.30	185.29 ± 8.47	56.97 ± 0.69	33.71 ± 2.15
G7	5.80 ± 0.02	8.78 ± 0.07	22.30 ± 0.75	0.036 ± 0.003	2.72 ± 0.19	165.31 ± 5.25	55.34 ± 0.43	28.62 ± 1.33
Permissible limits	≥5 (Lioyd 1992) 3–5 (Anita and Pooja 2013)	6–9 (Popma and Masser, 1999)	11–42 ° C (FAO, 2012)	0.05 (Lawson, 1995) 0.1 max. Tolerable level (Pillay and Kutty, 2005)	≤ 10 (Pillay and Kutty, 2005)	20–300 (Santhosh and Singh, 2007)	60 (Anita and Pooja, 2013)	5–500 (Lawson, 1995)

Means at the same row are not statistically different
G1 (negative control); G2 (2 mg L^− 1 glyphosate); G3 (0.5 malathion mg L^− 1); G4: (glyphosate 1.6 mg L^− 1and malathion 0.3 L^− 1). G5: (glyphosate 2 mg L^− 1and SY 3.3 mg kg ^− 1), G6: (malathion 0.5 mgL^− 1and SY 3.3 mg kg ⁻¹) and G7: (glyphosate 1.6 mgL^− 1; malathion 0.3 mgL^− 1and SY 3.3 mg kg ^− 1). SY: selenium yeast

ISSN: 1746-6148