Different methods of eubiotic feed additive provision affect the health, performance, fermentation, and metabolic status of dairy calves during the preweaning period

Stefańska, Barbara; Katzer, Frank; Golińska, Barbara; Sobolewska, Patrycja; Smulski, Sebastian; Frankiewicz, Andrzej; Nowak, Włodzimierz

doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03239-y

Table 1 The effect of different methods of eubiotic feed additive provision on intake and growth performance in dairy calves

From: Different methods of eubiotic feed additive provision affect the health, performance, fermentation, and metabolic status of dairy calves during the preweaning period

Item	Treatment¹				SEM	P-values
Item	CON	MR	SF	MRS	SEM	Treatment	Period	Treatment x Period
Starter intake (kg/day)
Period 3—28 days	0.26	0.27	0.22	0.28	0.11	0.46	< 0.001	0.10
Period 29—56 days	0.47^b	0.78^a	0.54^ab	0.59^ab	0.14	0.019	< 0.001	0.09
Overall 3—56 days	0.37^b	0.54^a	0.39^ab	0.44^ab	0.12	0.022	< 0.001	0.11
Milk replacer intake (kg/day)
Period 3—28 days	0.810	0.810	0.810	0.810	0.01	0.62	0.59	0.84
Period 29—56 days	0.680	0.680	0.680	0.680	0.06	0.54	0.79	0.63
Overall 3—56 days	0.740	0.740	0.740	0.740	0.04	0.43	0.56	0.46
TDMI² (kg/day)
Period 3—28 days	1.07	1.08	1.03	1.09	0.06	0.42	< 0.001	0.24
Period 29—56 days	1.15^b	1.46^a	1.22^ab	1.27^ab	0.08	0.028	< 0.001	0.22
Overall 3—56 days	1.11^b	1.28^a	1.13^ab	1.18^ab	0.04	0.015	< 0.001	0.36
Total CP intake (kg/day)
Period 3—28 days	0.26	0.26	0.25	0.27	0.01	0.32	< 0.001	0.32
Period 29—56 days	0.28	0.35	0.29	0.31	0.04	0.52	< 0.001	0.42
Overall 3—56 days	0.27	0.31	0.27	0.29	0.02	0.35	< 0.001	0.35
Body weight (kg)
3 day of age	44.5	44.3	44.6	44.4	0.46	0.45	-	-
28 day of age	53.4^b	55.5^a	51.9^b	51.6^b	0.66	0.022	-	-
56 day of age	70.5^b	77.5^a	69.3^b	69.6^b	0.87	0.034	-	-
ADG³ (kg/day)
Period 3—28 days	0.36	0.45	0.29	0.29	0.15	0.93	< 0.001	0.97
Period 29—56 days	0.60^b	0.79^a	0.62^b	0.64^b	0.22	0.024	< 0.001	0.50
Overall 3—56 days	0.49^b	0.63^a	0.47^b	0.48^b	0.19	0.018	< 0.001	0.95
FE⁴
Period 3—28 days	0.34	0.46	0.38	0.37	0.10	0.32	0.46	0.10
Period 29—56 days	0.54	0.54	0.50	0.48	0.13	0.83	0.19	0.13
Overall 3—56 days	0.46	0.51	0.45	0.44	0.42	0.32	0.82	0.42
Body length change (cm)
Period 3—28 days	5.10	5.90	5.90	5.80	1.10	0.19	< 0.001	0.28
Period 29—56 days	7.50	7.30	6.40	6.70	1.30	0.62	< 0.001	0.99
Overall 3—56 days	12.6	13.2	12.3	12.5	1.48	0.22	< 0.001	0.81
Hip height change (cm)
Period 3—28 days	5.20	4.90	4.10	4.20	0.78	0.25	< 0.001	0.28
Period 29—56 days	5.40	6.00	5.50	4.50	0.84	0.34	< 0.001	0.99
Overall 3—56 days	10.6	10.9	9.60	8.70	0.87	0.11	< 0.001	0.81
Hip width change (cm)
Period 3—28 days	2.20	1.80	2.2	3.10	0.29	0.38	< 0.001	0.28
Period 29—56 days	3.20	3.40	2.2	1.90	0.27	0.65	< 0.001	0.99
Overall 3—56 days	5.40	5.20	4.4	5.00	0.40	0.47	< 0.001	0.81
Heart girth change (cm)
Period 3—28 days	6.00	4.10	5.20	6.20	0.59	0.24	< 0.001	0.28
Period 29—56 days	9.40	11.4	8.10	7.20	0.95	0.16	< 0.001	0.99
Overall 3—56 days	15.4	15.5	13.3	13.4	1.10	0.09	< 0.001	0.81
Fecal score
Period 3—28 days	1.72^a	1.10^b	1.47^a	1.25^ab	0.02	0.018	< 0.001	0.342
Period 29—56 days	1.09	1.06	1.06	1.06	0.01	0.32	< 0.001	0.314
Overall 3—56 days	1.16	1.08	1.14	1.09	0.01	0.28	< 0.001	0.344
EPG (× 10²/g) ⁵
3 day of age	0.47	0.45	0.42	0.44	0.01	0.39	-	-
28 day of age	2.12^a	1.46^b	1.74^ab	1.68^ab	0.03	0.032	-	-
56 day of age	0.86	0.55	0.76	0.65	0.01	0.25	-	-

¹Treatment CON (control: without eubiotic feed additive in their milk replacer or their starter feed: n = 11), MR (eubiotic feed additive added to their milk replacer: n = 11), SF (eubiotic feed additive added to their starter feed: n = 11), MRS (eubiotic feed additive added to their milk replacer and their starter feed: n = 11)
²TDMI total dry matter intake from the milk replacer and the starter feed (kg/day)
³ADG average daily gain (kg/day) in period 3–28 days = (((weaning BW—initial BW)/25 days); in period 29–56 days = (((final BW—weaning BW)/28 days); during the complete study period = (((final BW—initial BW)/53 days)
⁴FE feed efficiency expressed as ADG (kg/day) to TDMI (kg/day) ratio
⁵ EPG number of parasite oocysts/cysts per gram of feces, ^a–b Means within a column with different superscripts differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05)

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