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Table 1 Bivariate analysis showing the relationship between predictors of CVL and the results of serology tests

From: Responsible companion animal guardianship is associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis: an analytical cross-sectional survey in an urban area of southeastern Brazil

Predictor variable

Serology tests

P value

Seropositivea n(%)

Seronegative n(%)

Dog traits

  Sex

    Female

25 (6.5)

360 (93.5)

0.831

    Male

22 (6.9)

297 (93.1)

  Size

    Small

22 (5.4)

386 (94.6)

0.328

    Medium

17 (7.9)

198 (92.1)

    Large

7 (8.9)

72 (91.1)

  Breed

    Purebred

17 (5.7)

281 (94.3)

0.421

    Mixed-breed

29 (7.2)

372 (92.8)

  Hair length

    Short

37 (7.2)

475 (92.8)

0.242

    Long

9 (4.8)

180 (95.2)

  Time in the domicile

    < 1 year

6 (5.3)

107 (94.7)

0.551

    > 1 year

37 (6.8)

504 (93.2)

Socioeconomical status of guardian

  Education

    No formal education

6 (20)

24 (80)

0.008

    Incomplete primary school

16 (6.8)

221 (93.2)

    Complete primary or secondary school

17 (4.8)

336 (95.2)

    University degree

8 (9.8)

74 (90.2)

  Number of bathrooms in the domicile

    1

21 (5.9)

333 (94.1)

0.471

    > 1

25 (7.3)

318 (92.7)

Ecological features of the domicile

  Close to forest

    Yes

42 (7.4)

527 (92,6)

0.142

    No

5 (3.8)

126 (96.2)

  Presence of chickens and other birds

    Yes

22 (8.3)

243 (91.7)

0.164

    No

24 (5.6)

405 (94.4)

  Presence of cats

    Yes

14 (9.5)

133 (90.5)

0.120

    No

33 (5.9)

524 (94.1)

Responsible animal guardianship

  Dog age at the time of acquisition

    Adult

17 (10.9)

139 (89.1)

0.015

    Puppy

29 (5.4)

508 (94.6)

  Mode of acquisition of dog

    Purchase

4 (3.8)

101 (96.2)

0.451

    Born in the domicile

5 (6.5)

72 (93.5)

    Adopted

37 (7.2)

480 (92.8)

  Number of dogs in the domicile

    1

15 (6.7)

209 (93.3)

0.933

    > 1

31 (6.5)

444 (93.5)

  Shelter conditions

    Exclusively in the domicile

1 (1.0)

95 (99.0)

0.034

    Exclusively in the peridomicile

32 (8.3)

355 (91.7)

    In the domicile and peridomicile

13 (5.9)

207 (94.1)

  Access to the streets

    Yes

8 (14.8)

46 (85.2)

0.013

    No

39 (6)

611 (94)

  Vaccination against rabies (at least once)

    Yes

43 (6.7)

603 (93.3)

0.411

    No

2 (3.8)

51 (96.2)

  Worm treatment (at least once)

    Yes

38 (6.2)

573 (93.8)

0.190

    No

8 (10.1)

71 (89.9)

  Tick infestation

    Yes

15 (8.3)

166 (91.7)

0.533

    No

32 (6.2)

487 (93.8)

  Flee infestation

    Yes

14 (7)

187 (93)

0.796

    No

33 (6.6)

464 (93.4)

  Fed with commercial chow

    Yes

43 (6.3)

642 (93.7)

0.011

    No

4 (21.1)

15 (78.9)

  Sterilization status (nutered/spayed)

    Yes

4 (4.7)

81 (95.3)

0.451

    No

42 (6.9)

569 (3.1)

  1. aDogs presenting positive results for Dual-path Platform test (screening) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (confirmation)