Intrathecal adenosine enhances the antinociception of Xylazine in goats

Abouelfetouh, Mahmoud M.; Salah, Eman; Liu, Lingling; Ding, Mingxing; Ding, Yi

doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03193-9

BMC Veterinary Research

Table 1 Cardiorespiratory parameters at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min following intrathecal saline (SAL), xylazine (XYL) and xylazine- adenosine (XYL-AD) in XYL-sedated goats

From: Intrathecal adenosine enhances the antinociception of Xylazine in goats

Parameter	Group	Time after intrathecal administration (minutes)
Parameter	Group	Base ^b	5	10	15	30	60	90	120	150
HR (beats/ min)	SAL	106.1 ± 7.9	84.5 ± 4.8^a P = 0.003	85.3 ± 3.8^a p = 0.004	83 ± 3^a p = 0.001	84.3 ± 4.8^a p = 0.033	87.5 ± 10	95 ± 6.9	96.5 ± 7.7	100.5 ± 9.8
	XYL	97.1 ± 9.4	75.6 ± 8^a p = 0.005	73 ± 5^ab ^ap = 0.002 ^bp = 0.002	70.6 ± 8^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp = 0.027	71.6 ± 9.4^ab ^ap = 0.002 ^bp = 0.048	72.5 ± 8.6^ab ^ap = 0.007 ^bp = 0.049	71.3 ± 7.1^ab ^ap = 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	74.1 ± 6.7^ab ^ap = 0.031 ^bp < 0.001	76.8 ± 8.7^b ^bp = 0.004
	XYL-AD	99.1 ± 10	76.5 ± 8.1^a p < 0.001	77.6 ± 7.6^a p = 0.002	76.5 ± 8^a p = 0.001	74.6 ± 7.7^a p < 0.001	80.1 ± 6.4^a p = 0.022	81.3 ± 10.5^a p < 0.001	83.8 ± 6.5^b ^bp = 0.031	88.1 ± 8.4
SAP (mmHg)	SAL	118.5 ± 9.2	94.1 ± 7.1^a p = 0.006	98.8 ± 8.6^a p = 0.023	101 ± 11^a p = 0.016	110.3 ± 11.3	105.8 ± 10.6	107.1 ± 4.3	108.3 ± 9	116.8 ± 12
	XYL	118.8 ± 10.2	93.1 ± 8.8^a p = 0.007	87.6 ± 9.7^a p < 0.001	89.5 ± 12.1^a p = 0.003	86.8 ± 11^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp = 0.012	84.8 ± 7.9^ab ^ap = 0.006 ^bp = 0.009	89.3 ± 8.2^ab ^ap = 0.018 ^bp = 0.005	101.6 ± 11.9	113.1 ± 12.5
	XYL-AD	121 ± 10.5	88.8 ± 16.1^a p = 0.026	85.5 ± 11.8^a p = 0.006	79.1 ± 13^ab ^ap = 0.004 ^bp = 0.027	80.3 ± 14.3^ab ^ap = 0.041 ^bp = 0.07	86 ± 12.8^ab ^ap = 0.038 ^bp = 0.039	88.1 ± 12.8^ab ^ap = 0.019 ^bp = 0.006	95.3 ± 12.3^a p = 0.047	114.5 ± 11.6
MAP (mmHg)	SAL	87.1 ± 7.4^a p = 0.002	66.8 ± 3.5^a p = 0.014	71.6 ± 5^a p = 0.002	70 ± 4^a p = 0.026	73.5 ± 3^a p = 0.031	73.3 ± 2.5	75.8 ± 2	80.5 ± 4	83.5 ± 7.1
	XYL	85.6 ± 7.5	66 ± 1.5 p = 0.009	64 ± 6.3 ^a p = 0.006	62.8 ± 5.5^ab ^ap = 0.001 ^bp = 0.011	64.1 ± 4.9^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp = 0.011	63.6 ± 5.2^a p = 0.010	71.1 ± 5.2	78 ± 5.7	79.1 ± 5.4
	XYL-AD	86.3 ± 4.9	66 ± 6.8 p = 0.006	64.5 ± 5.1^a p = 0.001	61.1 ± 7.1^ab ^ap = 0.002 ^bp = 0.024	59.8 ± 8.6^ab ^ap = 0.011 ^bp = 0.009	63.5 ± 5.1^ab ^ap = 0.006 ^bp = 0.013	64.5 ± 6.1^ab ^ap = 0.018 ^bp = 0.031	72.8 ± 4.6 p = 0.019	81.5 ± 7.8
DAP (mmHg)	SAL	71.8 ± 7.7	53.5 ± 3.7^a p = 0.003	58.6 ± 4.8^a p = 0.044	54.8 ± 3.7^a p = 0.008	56 ± 3.2^a p = 0.044	59.1 ± 2.3^a p = 0.049	60.3 ± 2	66.8 ± 5.9	67.1 ± 5.7
	XYL	69.5 ± 7.3	52.6 ± 3.7^a p = 0.026	52.8 ± 4.9^a p = 0.020	49.8 ± 4.4 ^a p = 0.013	53.3 ± 3.5^a p = 0.012	53.3 ± 5^a p = 0.030	62.6 ± 5.1	66.5 ± 6.6	65 ± 7.3
	XYL-AD	68.6 ± 8	55.1 ± 4.9^a p = 0.004	54.3 ± 5.9^a p = 0.016	52.6 ± 7.2^a p = 0.046	50.1 ± 5.9^ab ^ap = 0.010 ^bp = 0.038	52.6 ± 4.5^a p = 0.002	60.3 ± 6.2	62.8 ± 7	65.5 ± 10.5
SpO₂ (%)	SAL	94.5 ± 2.2	95 ± 2.2	94.5 ± 2.2	94 ± 2.7	93.5 ± 2.4	95.3 ± 1.3	94 ± 3	95.3 ± 1.3	94.6 ± 2.4
	XYL	96.3 ± 1.5	93.8 ± 1.8	94.6 ± 1.6	93.6 ± 1.9	94.5 ± 1	95.1 ± 1.1	95.1 ± 1.7	95 ± 2	96.1 ± 1.3
	XYL-AD	95.8 ± 1.3	93.8 ± 1.6	94.5 ± 1.8	94.8 ± 1.4	94.5 ± 1.6	94.3 ± 1.5	95.3 ± 1	95.1 ± 2.4	95.6 ± 1
RR (breaths/min)	SAL	22.8 ± 4.5	19 ± 3.2^a p = 0.043	16.1 ± 2.1^a p = 0.036	15 ± 2^a p = 0.017	15.3 ± 2.1^a p = 0.014	17 ± 3	17.3 ± 2.6	18.6 ± 2.7	21.3 ± 3
	XYL	23 ± 4.5	17.1 ± 3.5	16.5 ± 3.2^a p = 0.012	14 ± 3.7^a p = 0.035	15.1 ± 3.1^a p = 0.048	19.1 ± 3.9	17.5 ± 3	20 ± 4	21 ± 3.8
	XYL-AD	23.1 ± 4.9	18.8 ± 2.2	19.1 ± 3.7	17.6 ± 3^a p = 0.050	16.3 ± 3.7^a p = 0.032	14.6 ± 3	19.1 ± 3.4	19.3 ± 3.7	21.3 ± 3.8
RT ( °C)	SAL	39.3 ± 0.12	39.2 ± 0.09	39.1 ± 0.09^a p = 0.002	39.1 ± 0.05^a p = 0.004	39.03 ± 0.05^a p < 0.001	38.9 ± 0.07^a p < 0.001	38.9 ± 0.05^a p < 0.001	38.7 ± 0.11^a p < 0.001	38.7 ± 0.08^a p < 0.001
	XYL	39.2 ± 0.05	39.1 ± 0.05	39 ± 0.05	38.9 ± 0.07^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	38.6 ± 0.07^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	37.8 ± 0.07^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	37.6 ± 0.08^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	37.5 ± 0.06^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	37.5 ± 0.04^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001
	XYL-AD	39.2 ± 0.07	39.1 ± 0.07^b p = 0.048	39 ± 0.07^b p = 0.049	38.9 ± 0.07^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	38.6 ± 0.05^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	38.2 ± 0.05^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	37.9 ± 0.13^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	37.9 ± 0.13^ab ^aP < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001	38.1 ± 0.08^ab ^ap < 0.001 ^bp < 0.001

HR heart rate; SAP systolic arterial blood pressure; MAP mean arterial blood pressure; DAP diastolic arterial blood pressure; SpO₂ hemoglobin oxygen saturation; RR respiratory rate; RT rectal temperature
Data is expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6)
^asignificantly different from the base value (p < 0.05) within each group; ^bvalues taken before intramuscular xylazine and intrathecal injection
^bsignificantly different from the SAL group at the same time point (P < 0.05)

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