Fig. 3

Changes in canine sperm plasma membrane functional integrity during cold storage (5 °C) in the extenders containing different levels of melatonin versus the control. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA statistical test was used to make a comparison between treatment groups at different times. Pairwise comparisons with LSD confidence interval adjustments were carried out to examine the simple effects for the time and study groups. The different letters in bar superscripts indicate a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between study groups at the specified time point. The number sign shows a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between Day 9 and other time points. The asterisk shows a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). Negative Control (without Melatonin or DMSO), Positive Control (containing DMSO), M1 (containing 0.5 mM Melatonin), M2 (containing 1 mM Melatonin), and M3 (containing 2 mM Melatonin), ns, non-significant. All numbers are presented as Means±SEM