Fig. 11

Canine frozen-thawed spermatozoa MDA levels in the extenders containing different levels of melatonin versus the controls. LSD posthoc test was used to perform pairwise comparisons. A one-way ANOVA statistical test was used to make a comparison between treatment groups. Different letters in bar superscripts indicate a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). Negative Control (without Melatonin or DMSO), Positive Control (containing DMSO), M1 (containing 0.5 mM Melatonin), M2 (containing 1 mM Melatonin), and M3 (containing 2 mM Melatonin). All numbers are presented as Mean% ± SEM