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Table 3 Distribution of antimicrobial and multidrug resistance among S. aureus isolated from canine specimens submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Tennessee, USA (2006–2017)

From: Patterns of antimicrobial, multidrug and methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from canine specimens submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Tennessee, USA: a descriptive study

Antimicrobials

2006–2008

2009–2011

2012–2014

2015–2017

Total

Aminoglycosides

 Gentamicin

2.5 (2/79)

1.2 (1/86)

0 (0/63)

0 (0/40)

1.1 (3/268)

β-lactams

 Ampicillin

83.6 (61/73)

91.9 (79/86)

74.2 (69/93)

81.4 (57/70)

82.6 (266/322)

 Cefoxitin

25.6 (20/78)

49.4 (42/85)

42.4 (39/92)

45.7 (32/70)

40.9 (133/325)*

 Oxacillin

27.5 (22/80)

52.3 (45/86)

40.2 (37/92)

40 (28/70)

40.2 (132/328)

Fluoroquinolones

 Marbofloxacin

23.4 (18/77)

43.5 (37/85)

28.6 (26/91)

40.7 (22/54)

33.6 (103/307)

Folate inhibitors

 TMSa

3.8 (3/80)

3.5 (3/86)

2.2 (2/93)

8.5 (6/71)

4.2 (14/330)

Lincosamides

 Clindamycin

33.8 (27/80)

44.2 (38/86)

33.3 (31/93)

29.0 (20/69)

35.4 (116/328)

Macrolides

 Erythromycin

33.8 (27/80)

55.8 (48/86)

48.4 (45/93)

50.7 (36/71)

47.3 (156/330)

Phenicols

 Chloramphenicol

3.8 (3/80)

2.3 (2/86)

2.2 (2/93)

1.4 (1/71)

2.4 (8/330)

Tetracyclines

 Tetracycline

5.0 (4/80)

7.0 (6/86)

5.4 (5/93)

8.7 (6/69)

6.4 (21/328)

AMRb

93.8 (75/80)

95.4 (82/86)

89.3 (83/93)

93.0 (66/71)

92.7 (306/330)

MDRc

35.0 (28/80)

53.5 (46/86)

35.5 (33/93)

39.4 (28/71)

40.9 (135/330)

MRSAd

21.6 (16/74)

45.8 (38/83)

40.7 (37/91)

40.0 (26/65)

37.4 (117/313)*

  1. aTrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
  2. bAntimicrobial resistance
  3. cMultidrug resistance
  4. dMethicillin-resistant S. aureus, based on cefoxitin disk diffusion testing confirmed with positive mecA PCR
  5. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.0001 for Cochran-Armitage trend test