Fig. 12From: Effects of different artificial diets on commercial honey bee colony performance, health biomarkers, and gut microbiotaRelative rRNA abundance of the gut pathogen Nosema (n = 9–12 colonies per diet treatment). A Nosema abundance in honey bee colonies at each apiary site. B Nosema abundance in honey bee colonies fed the different diets. Error bars represent standard error (SE). Columns with different letters are significantly different at α = 0.05.Back to article page