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Fig. 2 | BMC Veterinary Research

Fig. 2

From: Protective immunity induced by oral vaccination with a recombinant Lactococcus lactis vaccine against H5Nx in chickens

Fig. 2

Humoral and mucosal immune responses elicited by L. lactis/pNZ8149-HA1-M2 in chickens. Sera and the intestine washes were collected from chickens vaccinated orally with PBS, L. lactis/pNZ8149 or L. lactis/pNZ8149-HA1-M2 at day 14 and day 28 after the first immunization. a HA1-specific IgG antibody responses in the sera (n = 10 chickens/group). b M2-specific IgG antibody responses in the sera (n = 10 chickens/group). c HA1-specific IgA antibody responses in the intestine washes (n = 5 chickens/group). d M2-specific IgA antibody responses in the intestine washes (n = 5 chickens/group). Data are represented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to the PBS and L. lactis/pNZ8149 controls (p < 0.05)

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