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Table 3 Results of logistic regression analysis of seroprevalence of Leishmania spp. infection and potential risk factors in selected districts of West Shewa zone, Ethiopia

From: Prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. infections in apparently healthy dogs in west Shewa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Variable

Categories

No. tested

No. pos. (% prevalence)

Univariable

Multivariable

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Town/location

Gojo

68

61 (89.74)

1.0

   

Ambo

169

157 (92.90)

1.50 (0.56–3.99)

0.415

  

Bako

148

138 (93.24)

1.58 (0.58–4.36)

0.373

  

Altitude

Highland

237

218 (92.0)

1.0

   

Midland

148

138 (93.2)

1.20 (0.54–2.66)

0.649

  

Age

Adolescent

77

70 (90.91)

1.0

   

Geriatrics

51

47 (92.16)

1.18 (0.33–4.24)

0.805

  

Adult

230

213 (92.61)

1.25 (0.50–3.15)

0.631

  

Juvenile

27

26 (96.30)

2.6 (0.30–22.17)

0.382

  

Sex

Female

92

85 (92.39)

1.0

   

Male

293

271 (92.49)

1.01 (0.42–2.46)

0.975

  

Breed

Cross

74

68 (91.89)

1.0

   

Indigenous

296

274 (92.57)

1.10 (0.43–2.82)

0.844

  

Exotic

15

14 (93.33)

1.24 (0.14–11.08)

0.850

  

Housing

Outdoor

106

95 (89.62)

1.0

 

1.0

 

Indoor

119

110 (92.44)

1.42 (0.56–3.56)

0.461

1.19 (0.46–3.07)

0.719

Mixed

160

151 (94.38)

1.94 (0.78–4.86)

0.156

1.74 (0.69–4.41)

0.243

PODAHH

Yes

204

187 (91.67)

1.0

 

1.0

 

No

181

169 (93.37)

1.28 (0.59–2.76)

0.528

  

Education of HHH

Secondary

125

113 (90.40)

1.0

 

1.0

 

Primary

98

90 (91.84)

1.19 (0.47–3.05)

0.710

  

Tertiary

115

108 (93.91)

1.64 (0.62–4.32)

0.318

  

Illiterate

47

45 (95.74)

2.39 (0.51–11.10)

0.266

  

Living area/residence

Peri-urban

44

38 (96.36)

1.0

 

1.0

 

Urban

341

318 (93.26)

2.18 (0.84–5.70)

0.111

2.05 (0.77–5.47)

0.152

Presence of cats

No

214

194 (90.65)

1.0

 

1.0

 

Yes

171

162 (94.74)

1.86 (0.82–4.19)

0.137

1.72 (0.75–3.93)

0.197